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Principles of Disease > Pathogens and virus pathogenesis > Flashcards

Pathogens and virus pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is pyrexia?

A

Fever

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2
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Increased pulse

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3
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

An organism which can cause a disease

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4
Q

What is a commensal?

A

An organism which is part of normal flora

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5
Q

What is normal flora?

A

Bacteria that are found in our bodies on a semi-permanent basis

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6
Q

What are exotoxins?

A

Toxins released extra-cellularly by the micro-organism

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7
Q

Give an example of an exotoxin

A

Tetanus

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8
Q

What is an enterotoxin?

A

An exotoxin that acts on the GI tract

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9
Q

What are endotoxins structurally a part of?

A

Gram negative cell wall

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10
Q

What are super antigens?

A

Certain exotoxins of strep. pyogenes and staph. aureus

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11
Q

What can super antigens do?

A

Able to stimulate division of T-cells in the absence of the specific antigen

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12
Q

Which mechanism do HIV use to kill T4+ cells?

A

Cell destruction following virus infection

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13
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Minor changes in genes or flu virus

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14
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Abrupt major changes in virus antigenic structure

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15
Q

What causes antigenic shift?

A

Generation of new types of virus

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16
Q

What happens to the virus following primary infection?

A

Virus migrates from epithelium to ganglia

17
Q

What happens when a latent virus is stimulated?

A

Virus migrates to epithelium, where it replicates and is released

18
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Non-specific defence mechanisms

19
Q

What is opsonisation?

A

When organism is coated with antibody or complement

20
Q

Name 3 examples of phagocytic cells?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

21
Q

Name 2 different basic types of lymphocyte

A

T cells and B cells

22
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

A specific response to the antigen concerned

Immunological memory created

23
Q

What does antibody do in infection?

A

Neutralises bacterial toxins

Neutralises viruses in viraemic stage

Principles of Disease (21 decks)

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