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Principles of Disease > Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is type I hypersensitivity also know as?

A

Allergy

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2
Q

How does type I hypersensitivity principally arise?

A

Through the inappropriate synthesis of IgE

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3
Q

Define Atopy

A

A state of sub-clinical immune sensitisation

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4
Q

What can the environmental antigens linked with type I hypersensitivity be?

A

Airborne
Ingested
Injected
Through skin contact

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5
Q

What is allergy the end result of?

A

Complex interplay of a number of factors

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6
Q

Which antibodies mediate type II hypersensitivity?

A

IgG or IgMs

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7
Q

What 2 types of antigen are involved in type II hypersensitivity?

A

External

Self-derived

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8
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms of tissue damage in type II hypersensitivity?

A

Complement of activation
Fc binding of immunoglobulin
Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Effects on target cell function

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9
Q

How do the clinical conditions arise in type III hypersensitivity?

A

Abnormal deposition of formed antigen

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10
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity is not mediated by antibodies?

A

Type IV

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11
Q

What is type IV hypersensitivity mediated by?

A

Th1 cells

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12
Q

The response in type IV hypersensitivity is due to what?

A

Contact with inert environmental substances

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13
Q

What causes tissue damage in hypersensitivity?

A

Exaggerated immune response

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14
Q

What is the low molecular weight agent in type IV hypersensitivity termed?

A

Hapten

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15
Q

What is the host protein in type IV hypersensitivity called?

A

Carrier

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16
Q

What delay is there between the antigen exposure and the resonse in type IV hypersensitivity?

A

48-72 hours

17
Q

What is serum sickness? (Hypersensitivity)

A

A systemic illness where immune complexes are deposited throughout many tissues

18
Q

What is an arthus reaction? (Hypersensitivity)

A

Localised disorder where complexes form locally in the tissues

19
Q

What is an autoimmune disease?

A

Immune responses of an organism against its own cells and tissues

20
Q

What is the name given to the process by which the immune system avoids producing damaging reactions against autoantigens?

A

Tolerance

21
Q

What immunity is tolerance a feature of?

A

Adaptive

22
Q

What are the four main factors for autoimmuntiy aetiology?

A

Genetic factors
Immune Regulatory factors
Hormonal factors
Environmental factors

23
Q

Autoimmunity pathogenesis arises due to interaction of the aetiological factors in association with what?

A

Immune effector mechanisms

24
Q

In which type of hypersensitivity are immune complexes formed?

A

Type III hypersensitivity

25
Q

What is a HLA?

A

Human leukocyte antigen

26
Q

What type of disorders arise as organ-specific disorders?

A

Autoimmune endocrine disorders

27
Q

What type of disorders arise as non-organ specific disorders?

A

Connective tissue disorders

28
Q

What is an organ specific autoimmune disorder?

A

An autoimmune disorder in which specific organs are attacked by the immune system

Principles of Disease (21 decks)

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