Inflammation Flashcards
What is acute inflammation?
Series of protective changes occurring in living tissue as response to injury
What are the clinical presentations of chronic inflammation?
No specfic sore bit
Feeling unwell
Loss of function
What are the causes of chronic inflammation?
Granulation tissue
Inflammatory response to own tissue
Lymphocytes etc…
What are the 3 cell types involved in the chronic inflammation?
Lymphocytes
Plasma
Macrophages
What is plasma?
Differentiated B-cells
What do T-cells produce in chronic inflammation?
Cytokines and interferons
What is the main function of lymphocytes?
Immune response and memory
What is a macrophage?
Antigen presenting cell, engulfs antigens
Where are macrophages found?
Bone marrow and blood tissues
What is the function of macrophages in chronic inflammation?
To remove debris
What stimulates granulomatous inflammation?
Indigestible antigens
Give 3 examples of infectious granulomatous diseases
TB
Leprosy
Syphilis
Give 3 examples of non-infective granulomas
Rheumatoid disease
Sarcoidosis
Crohn’s disease
What favours wound healing?
Cleanliness
No haematoma
Normal inflammatory mechanism
What impairs wound healing?
Dirty haematoma
Poorly nourished
Inhibition of angiogenesis
What is an exudate?
Fluid rich in protein and plasma
What is an oedema?
Accumulation of fluid in the extravascular space
What is margination?
When neutrophils move to the endothelial aspect of the lumen
What is granulation tissue?
New capillaries
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
What is the name given to pus collection under pressure?
An abscess
What is granulation tissue?
New capillaries (angiogenesis)
Fibroblasts and collagen
Macrophages
What is a neutrophil?
A mobile phagocyte
What can neutrophils denature?
Foreign antigens
When do neutrophils die?
When granule contents is released
Why can acute inflammation become chronic inflammation?
Failure to remove debris
Large volume of damage
Does not resolve
What lays down collagen to repair damaged tissue?
Fibroblasts
Give two examples of a lymphocyte
B-cell
T-cell
What do B-cells facilitate?
The immune response
What do cytokines do?
Attract and hold macrophages
When is granulomas produced?
When an antigen cannot be digested by a macrophage
In what disease is a langhans type giant cell usually found?
Tuberculosis
What type of wound healing is used for larger defects?
Secondary intention
What do you have to repair in a fracture healing as well as soft tissue?
The bony structure
What does angiogenesis enable the blood supply to do in inflammation?
To enter the damaged tissue
