Meiosis and Mitosis

Question 1

When is the chromosome especially linear?

Answer 1

During metaphase

Question 2

What are the specialised structures at the end of the chromosomes called?

Answer 2

Telomeres

Question 3

Name the two major types of chromatin

Answer 3

Euchromatin and heterochromatin

Question 4

Where is active DNA stored?

Answer 4

Euchromatin

Question 5

What can help stop the end-replication problem in DNA?

Answer 5

Telomerase

Question 6

What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 6

G1 stage

Question 7

Which stage of the cell cycle does replication take place?

Answer 7

The S stage (synthesis stage)

Question 8

When, in mitosis, do the chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell?

Answer 8

Anaphase

Question 9

What is the process of separating the cytoplasm called?

Answer 9

Cytokinesis

Question 10

What are spindle fibres are made of?

Answer 10

Microtubules

Question 11

What is a kinetochore?

Answer 11

Protein complex that binds to microtubules

Question 12

Which type of DNA is used for DNA fingerprinting?

Answer 12

Minisatellite DNA

Question 13

What is DNA packaged with to form chromatin?

Answer 13

Histone proteins

Question 14

What structure do the nucleosomes form?

Answer 14

Solenoid structure

Question 15

What charge does DNA have?

Answer 15

Negative charge

Question 16

What arm is the shorter arm of the chromosome?

Answer 16

The p arm

Question 17

What arm is the longer arm of the chromosome?

Answer 17

The q arm

Question 18

Give the definition of the karyotype

Answer 18

Number and visual appearance of chromosomes

Question 19

What happens during FISH?

Answer 19

The DNA is labelled with fluorescent dye

Question 20

What cell division occurs in germ cells?

Answer 20

Meiosis

Question 21

In what meiotic division do sisters chromatids separate?

Answer 21

2nd

Question 22

What is oogenesis?

Answer 22

Process of egg formation

Question 23

What is spermatogenesis?

Answer 23

Process of sperm formation

Question 24

Why is there more of a chance of mutation in sperm than ova?

Answer 24

Sperms go through more cell divisions than eggs do

Question 25

What are the 3 types of chromosomal abnormality?

Answer 25

Numerical, Structural and mutational

Question 26

How does structural chromosomal abnormality occur?

Answer 26

Changes in morphology

Question 27

How does numerical chromosomal abnormality occur?

Answer 27

Number of chromosomes isn't normal

Question 28

How does mutational chromosomal abnormality occur?

Answer 28

Specific DNA sequences have been altered

Question 29

What is the syndrome where one X is missing? ie 45, X

Answer 29

Turner Syndrome

Question 30

Trisomy 21 is linked to what chromosomal abnormality?

Answer 30

Downs syndrome

Question 31

Trisomy 13 is linked to what chromosomal abnormality?

Answer 31

Patau syndrome

Question 32

Trisomy 18 is linked to what chromosomal abnormality?

Answer 32

Edwards syndrome

Question 33

What is robertsonian translocation?

Answer 33

Two chromosomes fused but no genetic info lost

Question 34

Name 5 structural abnormalities

Answer 34

``` Rearrangements Translocations Deletions Insertions Inversions ```

Question 35

Name the 3 stages of PCR

Answer 35

Denaturation Annealing Extension

Question 36

How does gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments?

Answer 36

By size