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Principles of Disease (ME2308) > Pathogens and Hosts > Flashcards

Pathogens and Hosts Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenicity consists of what two factors?

A

Virulence and infectivity

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2
Q

What is virulence?

A

The ability to cause harmful effects having been established in the body

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3
Q

What three factors make up virulence?

A

Invasiveness, toxin production and evasion of the immune system

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4
Q

What bacteria is responsible for necrotising fasciitis (flesh eating disorder)

A

Streptococcus pyogens (Group A streptococci)

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5
Q

What is the name given to natural gut flora?

A

Commensal

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6
Q

What are the two examples of commensal flora in the gut and nose respectively?

A

E. coli - Gut

Staph. aureus - Nose

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7
Q

What seven factors characterise infection?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Pain
  3. Pyrexia (fever)
  4. Tachycardia
  5. Rigors (Sustained shaking)
  6. Increase white count
  7. Increase C reactive protein (CRP)
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8
Q

What is an exotoxin?

A

A toxin produced by a microorganism secreted into its extracellular environment

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9
Q

What is an enterotoxin?

A

A toxin which acts on the GI tract

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10
Q

What is an endotoxin?

A

A toxin which is structurally part of the Gram negative cell wall

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11
Q

What bacteria causes tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

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12
Q

Describe the action of the tatnus toxin

A

Binds to synapses and inhibits inhibitory neurotransmitters

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13
Q

How is tetanus fatal?

A

Causes respiratory paralysis

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14
Q

Outline the treatment of tetanus

A

Debridement, antibiotics and antitoxins

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15
Q

What bacteria causes cholera?

A

Vibrio cholerae

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16
Q

What kind of toxin does the cholera bacteria produce and what is its action within the body?

A

Enterotoxin - causes an increased in cAMP levels - inhibits uptake of Na+ and Cl- which causes water to passively flow into GI tract - causes dehydration

17
Q

How is cholera fatal?

A

Severe dehydration

18
Q

Outline the treatment for cholera

A

Rehydration

19
Q

What is a superantigen?

A

Certain exotoxins of Staph, aureus and pyogenes stimulate T cell proliferation - the massive surge of cytokines then cause Toxic Shock Syndrome

Principles of Disease (ME2308) (26 decks)

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