Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria 2

Question 1

What are the two Gram Negative bacteria we need to remember

Answer 1

Neisseria spp and Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 2

What does Neisseria meningitidis cause?

Answer 2

Meningitis - inflammation of the meninges and septicaemia

Question 3

What is the bacterial causative agent for respiratory tract infections?

Answer 3

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 4

What are coliforms?

Answer 4

Organisms which are in the family of Enterobacteriaceae

Question 5

What is a useful preliminary test for identifying Gram nevgatie bacilli?

Answer 5

Lactose fermentation

Question 6

List the virulence mechanisms of E. coli

Answer 6

pili, capsule, endotoxin and exotoxin production

Question 7

Describe the action of Enterotoxigenic E. coli

Answer 7

Commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea

Question 8

Describe the action of Enterohaemoragic E. coli

Answer 8

Bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemia syndrome (HUS)

Question 9

What strain of E.coli is associated with enterohaemorgic E. coli?

Answer 9

E. coli O157

Question 10

What bacteria causes typhoid fever?

Answer 10

Salmonella enterica

Question 11

What bacteria is the principle cause for the Hospital Acquired Sepsis: pneumonia and UTI?

Answer 11

Pseudomonas spp

Question 12

Pseudomonas app can cause what complication for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 12

Respiratory infection

Question 13

List the examples of anaerobe bacteria

Answer 13

Bactericides spp
Prevotella
Porphyromonas

Question 14

List the examples of oral anaerobes

Answer 14

Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Pasteurella spp

Question 15

What pathologies are caused by oral anaerobes?

Answer 15

Dental abscess, aspirational pneumonia and human/animal bite infections

Question 16

Which bacteria types cannot be stained with Gram’s Stain?

Answer 16

Mycobacterium species
Spirochaete’s
Chlamydia/Chlamydophila

Question 17

How are mycobacterium species stained?

Answer 17

Using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) Stain

Question 18

What bacterium causes leprosy?

Answer 18

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 19

How does lerosy work?

Answer 19

Attacks peripheral nerves

Question 20

What is primary syphilis?

Answer 20

Non-painful skin lesions (chancre) at the site of infection

Question 21

What is secondary syphilis?

Answer 21

6-8 weeks after primary symptoms - presents with generalised systemic illness and rash

Question 22

What is tertiary syphilis?

Answer 22

Years after primary growth - infects central nervous system

Question 23

What is the result of congenital syphilis?

Answer 23

Stillbirth, neonatal death or disease

Question 24

Chlamydia cannot grow on agar, how is it diagnosed?

Answer 24

Serology

Question 25

How is Lyme Disease transmitted?

Answer 25

Ticks

Question 26

Describe the three stages of Lyme Disease in its three stages

Answer 26

Stage 1 - Skin rash at sit of tick bite
Stage 2 - Systemic illness occurs (after weeks or months)
Stage 3 - Chronic disease

Question 27

What pathology infects animals and concentrates largely in the kidneys?

Answer 27

Leptospirosis

Question 28

How is leptospirosis spread?

Answer 28

Largely via infected urine and other bodily fluids/tissues

Question 29

What at-risk groups are there for Leptospirosis?

Answer 29

Sewage workers and watersports enthusiasts

Question 30

What are the clinical presentations of Leptospirosis?

Answer 30

Weil’s Disease - febrile illness with systemic upset, liver and renal failure, aseptic meningitis - 10% mortality

Question 31

Whats the most common sexually transmitted infection?

Answer 31

Chlamydia