Classification of Pathogenic Bacteria 2 Flashcards
What are the two Gram Negative bacteria we need to remember
Neisseria spp and Moraxella catarrhalis
What does Neisseria meningitidis cause?
Meningitis - inflammation of the meninges and septicaemia
What is the bacterial causative agent for respiratory tract infections?
Moraxella catarrhalis
What are coliforms?
Organisms which are in the family of Enterobacteriaceae
What is a useful preliminary test for identifying Gram nevgatie bacilli?
Lactose fermentation
List the virulence mechanisms of E. coli
pili, capsule, endotoxin and exotoxin production
Describe the action of Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea
Describe the action of Enterohaemoragic E. coli
Bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemia syndrome (HUS)
What strain of E.coli is associated with enterohaemorgic E. coli?
E. coli O157
What bacteria causes typhoid fever?
Salmonella enterica
What bacteria is the principle cause for the Hospital Acquired Sepsis: pneumonia and UTI?
Pseudomonas spp
Pseudomonas app can cause what complication for cystic fibrosis?
Respiratory infection
List the examples of anaerobe bacteria
Bactericides spp
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
List the examples of oral anaerobes
Prevotella
Porphyromonas
Pasteurella spp
What pathologies are caused by oral anaerobes?
Dental abscess, aspirational pneumonia and human/animal bite infections
Which bacteria types cannot be stained with Gram’s Stain?
Mycobacterium species
Spirochaete’s
Chlamydia/Chlamydophila
How are mycobacterium species stained?
Using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) Stain
What bacterium causes leprosy?
Mycobacterium leprae
How does lerosy work?
Attacks peripheral nerves
What is primary syphilis?
Non-painful skin lesions (chancre) at the site of infection
What is secondary syphilis?
6-8 weeks after primary symptoms - presents with generalised systemic illness and rash
What is tertiary syphilis?
Years after primary growth - infects central nervous system
What is the result of congenital syphilis?
Stillbirth, neonatal death or disease
Chlamydia cannot grow on agar, how is it diagnosed?
Serology
How is Lyme Disease transmitted?
Ticks
Describe the three stages of Lyme Disease in its three stages
Stage 1 - Skin rash at sit of tick bite
Stage 2 - Systemic illness occurs (after weeks or months)
Stage 3 - Chronic disease
What pathology infects animals and concentrates largely in the kidneys?
Leptospirosis
How is leptospirosis spread?
Largely via infected urine and other bodily fluids/tissues
What at-risk groups are there for Leptospirosis?
Sewage workers and watersports enthusiasts
What are the clinical presentations of Leptospirosis?
Weil’s Disease - febrile illness with systemic upset, liver and renal failure, aseptic meningitis - 10% mortality
Whats the most common sexually transmitted infection?
Chlamydia
