Pathogenicity and Clinical Significance of Bacteria Flashcards by Bethany Woodrow

Staphylococcus aureus

Pathogenicity: enterotoxin, TSST1, superantigens

Clinical significance:
SSTI
Necrotizing fasciitis
Osteomyelitis
Endocarditis
TSS
CF pneumonia
Diarrhea (ingested preformed toxin)

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Staphylococcus epidermis (CNS)

Pathogenicity: biofilm production

Clinical Significance:
Osteomyelitis
Prosthetic material infection
Nosocomial blood stream infection (IV catheters)

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Group A Streptococcus (S. pyrogenes)

Pathogenicity:
Streptolysin (hemolytic exotoxin)
Erythrogenic toxin (pyrogenic)

Clinical Significance:
Pharyngitis (strep throat)
SSTI
Necrotizing fasciitis
Rheumatic fever
Streptococcal TSS

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Group B Streptococcus (S. agalactiae)

Pathogenicity: polysaccharide capsule (covers up antigen)

Clinical Significance:
Early onset neonatal disease (pneumonia, sepsis)
Late onset neonatal disease (meningitis, sepsis

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pathogenicity:
polysccaharide capsule
IgA protease

Clinical Significance:
Meningitis
Conjunctivitis
Community acquired pneumonia
Ottis media in children

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Streptococcus mitis

Pathogenicity: extracellular polysaccharides enhance attachment

Clinical Significance:
Native valve endocarditis
Bacteremia
Meningitis

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Enterococci

Pathogenicity: surface adhesins, secreted toxins

Clinical significance:
UTI
Endocarditis
Nosocomial VRE

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Pathogenicity: diphtheria toxin

Clinical significance
Diphtheria (pharyngeal)
Very virulent

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Corynebacterium jeikeium

Pathogenicity: unknown (low virulence)

Clinical Significance:
Endocarditis
Foreign-body infections
Septicemia (IV catheters)

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Listeria monocytogenes

Pathogenicity: hemolysin (exotoxin lyses RBCs). (Can grow @ 4C)

Clinical significance:
Gastroenteritis
Septicemia
Meningitis/Encephalitis (the bacteria is neurotropic)
Abortion, stillborn, preterm labor in pregnancy

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Peptostreptococcus

Pathogenicity: unknown

Clinical significance: mixed anaerobic/aerobic bacterial infection (cutaneous, respiratory, oral, female pelvic)

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Actinomyces israeli

Pathogenicity: disruption of protective mucosal surface

Clinical significance:
Oral/cervicofacial infection
Pelvic infections (on IUD)
Abdominal infection

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Clostridium tetani

Pathogenicity: tetanus toxin

Clinical significance:

Tetanus (rigid paralysis)

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Clostridium perfringens

Pathogenicity:
enterotoxins
alpha-toxin

Clinical Significance:
Gas gangrene
Bloody diarrhea (acute necrotizing GI infection)

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Clostridium botulinum

Pathogenicity: neurotoxin

Clinical significance:
Botulism (flacid paralysis)

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Clostridium difficile

Pathogenicity: toxin A and toxin B

Clinical Significance:

Diarrhea (hospital or antibiotic acquired)

Escherichia coli

Pathogenicity: endotoxin, exotoxin, capsule, pili

Clinical significance:
Meningitis in neonates
UTI
GI infection

Enterobacter spp.

Pathogenicity:
Exotoxin, endotoxin, capsule, adhesion protein

Clinical significance:
UTI
Nosocomial infection
Blood infection

Salmonella spp

Pathogenicity: survival in phagocytes and dissemination to other tissues

Clinical Significance:
GI infection
Bacteremia
Enteric fever

Proteus spp.

Pathogenicity:
Endotoxin
Exotoxin
Capsules
Adhesion proteins

Clinical Significance:
UTI
Nosocomial infection
blood infection
Staghorn renal stones

Vibrio cholerae

Pathogenicity:
somatic O antigens
exotoxin

Clinical Significance:
Cholera (GI infection)

Moraxella spp.

Pathogenicity:
Uncertain ( cell envelope adhesion factors?)

Clinical Significance:
Community acquired pneumonia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pathogenicity:
Exotoxin A
Endotoxin

Clinical Significance:
Otitis externa
Pneumonia in CF
Ventilator acquired pneumonia
UTI
*found in hot tubs :S

Haemophilus influenza

Pathogenicity:
capsule
pili
endotoxin
outer membrane protein

Clinical Significance:
Meningitis
Epiglottitis
Conjunctivitis
Otitis media
Pneumonia

Neisseria meningitidis

``` Pathogenicity: Capsule Pili Endotoxin Outer membrane protein ``` Clinical Significance: Meningitis

Neisseria gonorrhea

``` Pathogenicity: capsule pili proteases adherance proteins ``` Clinical Significance: Pharyngitis (from sexual practices) Gonorrhea Conjunctivitis

Bacteroides fragilis

Pathogenicity: capsule endotoxin enzymes ``` Clinical Significance: abscesses throughout body bacteremia aspiration pneumonia soft tissue infection ```

Helicobacter pylori

Pathogenicity: Acid resistance Gene associated with ulcers Clinical Significance: Duodenal and gastric ulcers

Treponema pallidum

Pathogenicity: Lack of proteins on outer membrane Antigenic variation Clinical Significance: Primary syphillis (painless chancre) Secondary syphilllis (myalgia, headache, fever, rash) Tertiary syphillis (general paralysis, tabes dorsalis) Cardiovascular syphillis Congenital syphillis (facial and tooth abnormalities)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Pathogenicity: Survive and multiplie in alveolar macrophages Carried in lymphatics Clinical Significance: primary pulmonary disease reactivation disease disseminated disease (bone, kidneys...)

Mycobacterium avium complex

Pathogenicity: Inhibition of lysosome-phagosome fusion Clinical Significance: Pulmonary disease Disseminated infection in AIDS pts Opportunistic infection in immunocompromised pts

Genital Mycoplasma (M. hominis, M. genitalium)

Pathogenicity: Resistant to beta-lactams Clinical Significance: Non-gonoccocal urethritis in males

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Pathogenicity: Activates polyclonal T and B cells Triggers formation of cold agglutinins Clinical Significance: Atypical pneumonia Cardiac and neurologic complications Dermatologic involvement

Chlamydia trachomatis

Pathogenicity: Inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion ``` Clinical Significance: Urethritis Epididymitis Proctitis Cervicitis pelvic inflammatory disease conjunctivitis Lymphogranuloma venereum pneumonitis in infants ```

Chlamydophila psittaci

Pathogenicity: bird vector Clinical Significance: atypical pneumonia

Rickettsia rickettsii

Pathogenicity: dog tick vector spreads cell to cell along epithelial cells Clinical Significance: Rocky mountain spotted fever (&rash)