Pathogenicity and Clinical Significance of Bacteria Flashcards
Staphylococcus aureus
Pathogenicity: enterotoxin, TSST1, superantigens
Clinical significance: SSTI Necrotizing fasciitis Osteomyelitis Endocarditis TSS CF pneumonia Diarrhea (ingested preformed toxin)
Staphylococcus epidermis (CNS)
Pathogenicity: biofilm production
Clinical Significance:
Osteomyelitis
Prosthetic material infection
Nosocomial blood stream infection (IV catheters)
Group A Streptococcus (S. pyrogenes)
Pathogenicity:
Streptolysin (hemolytic exotoxin)
Erythrogenic toxin (pyrogenic)
Clinical Significance: Pharyngitis (strep throat) SSTI Necrotizing fasciitis Rheumatic fever Streptococcal TSS
Group B Streptococcus (S. agalactiae)
Pathogenicity: polysaccharide capsule (covers up antigen)
Clinical Significance:
Early onset neonatal disease (pneumonia, sepsis)
Late onset neonatal disease (meningitis, sepsis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pathogenicity:
polysccaharide capsule
IgA protease
Clinical Significance: Meningitis Conjunctivitis Community acquired pneumonia Ottis media in children
Streptococcus mitis
Pathogenicity: extracellular polysaccharides enhance attachment
Clinical Significance:
Native valve endocarditis
Bacteremia
Meningitis
Enterococci
Pathogenicity: surface adhesins, secreted toxins
Clinical significance:
UTI
Endocarditis
Nosocomial VRE
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Pathogenicity: diphtheria toxin
Clinical significance
Diphtheria (pharyngeal)
Very virulent
Corynebacterium jeikeium
Pathogenicity: unknown (low virulence)
Clinical Significance:
Endocarditis
Foreign-body infections
Septicemia (IV catheters)
Listeria monocytogenes
Pathogenicity: hemolysin (exotoxin lyses RBCs). (Can grow @ 4C)
Clinical significance:
Gastroenteritis
Septicemia
Meningitis/Encephalitis (the bacteria is neurotropic)
Abortion, stillborn, preterm labor in pregnancy
Peptostreptococcus
Pathogenicity: unknown
Clinical significance: mixed anaerobic/aerobic bacterial infection (cutaneous, respiratory, oral, female pelvic)
Actinomyces israeli
Pathogenicity: disruption of protective mucosal surface
Clinical significance:
Oral/cervicofacial infection
Pelvic infections (on IUD)
Abdominal infection
Clostridium tetani
Pathogenicity: tetanus toxin
Clinical significance:
Tetanus (rigid paralysis)
Clostridium perfringens
Pathogenicity:
enterotoxins
alpha-toxin
Clinical Significance:
Gas gangrene
Bloody diarrhea (acute necrotizing GI infection)
Clostridium botulinum
Pathogenicity: neurotoxin
Clinical significance:
Botulism (flacid paralysis)
Clostridium difficile
Pathogenicity: toxin A and toxin B
Clinical Significance:
Diarrhea (hospital or antibiotic acquired)
Escherichia coli
Pathogenicity: endotoxin, exotoxin, capsule, pili
Clinical significance:
Meningitis in neonates
UTI
GI infection
Enterobacter spp.
Pathogenicity:
Exotoxin, endotoxin, capsule, adhesion protein
Clinical significance:
UTI
Nosocomial infection
Blood infection
Salmonella spp
Pathogenicity: survival in phagocytes and dissemination to other tissues
Clinical Significance:
GI infection
Bacteremia
Enteric fever
Proteus spp.
Pathogenicity: Endotoxin Exotoxin Capsules Adhesion proteins
Clinical Significance: UTI Nosocomial infection blood infection Staghorn renal stones
Vibrio cholerae
Pathogenicity:
somatic O antigens
exotoxin
Clinical Significance:
Cholera (GI infection)
Moraxella spp.
Pathogenicity:
Uncertain ( cell envelope adhesion factors?)
Clinical Significance:
Community acquired pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pathogenicity:
Exotoxin A
Endotoxin
Clinical Significance: Otitis externa Pneumonia in CF Ventilator acquired pneumonia UTI *found in hot tubs :S
Haemophilus influenza
Pathogenicity: capsule pili endotoxin outer membrane protein
Clinical Significance: Meningitis Epiglottitis Conjunctivitis Otitis media Pneumonia
Neisseria meningitidis
Pathogenicity: Capsule Pili Endotoxin Outer membrane protein
Clinical Significance:
Meningitis
Neisseria gonorrhea
Pathogenicity: capsule pili proteases adherance proteins
Clinical Significance:
Pharyngitis (from sexual practices)
Gonorrhea
Conjunctivitis
Bacteroides fragilis
Pathogenicity:
capsule
endotoxin
enzymes
Clinical Significance: abscesses throughout body bacteremia aspiration pneumonia soft tissue infection
Helicobacter pylori
Pathogenicity:
Acid resistance
Gene associated with ulcers
Clinical Significance:
Duodenal and gastric ulcers
Treponema pallidum
Pathogenicity:
Lack of proteins on outer membrane
Antigenic variation
Clinical Significance:
Primary syphillis (painless chancre)
Secondary syphilllis (myalgia, headache, fever, rash)
Tertiary syphillis (general paralysis, tabes dorsalis)
Cardiovascular syphillis
Congenital syphillis (facial and tooth abnormalities)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Pathogenicity:
Survive and multiplie in alveolar macrophages
Carried in lymphatics
Clinical Significance:
primary pulmonary disease
reactivation disease
disseminated disease (bone, kidneys…)
Mycobacterium avium complex
Pathogenicity:
Inhibition of lysosome-phagosome fusion
Clinical Significance:
Pulmonary disease
Disseminated infection in AIDS pts
Opportunistic infection in immunocompromised pts
Genital Mycoplasma (M. hominis, M. genitalium)
Pathogenicity:
Resistant to beta-lactams
Clinical Significance:
Non-gonoccocal urethritis in males
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Pathogenicity:
Activates polyclonal T and B cells
Triggers formation of cold agglutinins
Clinical Significance:
Atypical pneumonia
Cardiac and neurologic complications
Dermatologic involvement
Chlamydia trachomatis
Pathogenicity:
Inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion
Clinical Significance: Urethritis Epididymitis Proctitis Cervicitis pelvic inflammatory disease conjunctivitis Lymphogranuloma venereum pneumonitis in infants
Chlamydophila psittaci
Pathogenicity:
bird vector
Clinical Significance:
atypical pneumonia
Rickettsia rickettsii
Pathogenicity:
dog tick vector
spreads cell to cell along epithelial cells
Clinical Significance:
Rocky mountain spotted fever (&rash)
