Pathogenicity Flashcards
Pathogenicity
ability to cause disease
virulence
the degree of pathogenicity
steps microbe must take to cause disease/infection
- enter organism
- adhere to tissues
3.penetrate the tissues - damage cells to establish disease
(evade immune system)
Portals of entry
mucous membrane, skin, parental route (cuts),
-don’t necessarily cause disease at this point
ID50
infectious dose for 50% of sample population
LD50
lethal dose for 50% of population
Adherence
adhesins/ligands bind to receptors on host cells
- adhesins on glycocalyx, fimbriae, pili, flagella
- adhesions are typically glycoproteins or lipoproteins
- receptors are usually sugar detectors
- biofilms
- glycocalyx capsules
antigenic variateion
pathogens alter their surface antigens
glycocalyx
prevents phagocytosis
helps with adherence
can be antigenic
invasins
- surface proteins produced by bacteria that rearrange actin filaments of cytoskeleton, causing membrane ruffling in host cells
- some use actin to propel themselves
- some can survive inside phagocytosis or escape before lysosomal fusion or prevent lysosomal fusion
virulence factors
molecules produced by bacteria
-coagulases, kinases, hyaluronidase, collagenase, IgA proteases
coagulases
coagulate fibrinogen
-clotted blood protects bacteria from phagocytosis
kinases
digest fibrin clots to sneak into cells
hyaluronidase
digest polysacchrides that hold cell together
collagenase
breaks down collagen