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Microbiology > exam 3 bioterrorism > Flashcards

exam 3 bioterrorism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

bioterrorism

A

the use of pathogens or toxins to produce death and disease in humans, plants, or animals

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2
Q

What kind of agents are used and how are they spread?

A
  • usually naturally found agents that have been modified

- spread by air, water, and food

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3
Q

Siege of Kaffa

A
  • first record of bioterrorism

- spread the plague by catapulting dead soldiers over the wall

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4
Q

French and Indian war

A

British government gave the Indians blankets that had been used by small pox patients

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5
Q

Sino-Japanese war

A

Japanese dropped canisters of fleas with yersina pestis (black plague)

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6
Q

WW1

A

German agent caused disease in horses

-Infected Maryland horses with glanders

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7
Q

Chicago bioterrorism

A

-college students tried to start a terrorist group and threatened to put typhoid in the water supply

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8
Q

Is small pox eratdicated

A
  • kinda
  • US and Russia still have frozen strains
  • super dangerous bc noone has immunity now
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9
Q

Oregon bioterrorism

A
  • Salmonella in salad bars

- followers of Colt wanted to sway the election

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10
Q

Tokyo bioterrorism

A

Religious group released anthrax spores, but it was the wrong strain, so noone got hurt

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11
Q

2001 anthrax attacks

A
  • ppl mailed anthrax spores to the media and politicians
  • 1 week after 9/11
  • killed 5 ppl and infected 17
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12
Q

Category A definition and examples

A
  • high mortality, public panic, easily transmitted

- Anthrax, small pox, Herorrhagic viruses (ebola and marburg)

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13
Q

Anthrax

A
  • not contageous, but spores can easily enter skin
  • 1% fatal through skin; 90% fatal if inhaled
  • vaccine for federal employees
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14
Q

small pox

A
  • highly contageous virus
  • transmitted thru atmosphere
  • 20-40% fatality
  • People are no longer vaccinated
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15
Q

Hemmorrhagic viruses

A
  • ebola and marburg
  • no cure
  • 50% fatality
  • multiple organ failiure
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16
Q

Category B definition and examples

A
  • Easy to disseminate, but low mortality
  • Food safety threats :salmonella, e. coli, staph, shigella
  • Water safety threats: vibrio cholera, crstoporidium, typhas
17
Q

Category C definition and examples

A
  • emerging pathogens, easy to engineer

- SARS, H1N1, Drug resistant TB, rabies, HIV

18
Q

Characteristics of bioweapons

A
  • cause disease and/or death
  • more severe disease = more terror
  • availability, propagation, dispersal
19
Q

Bioweapon availability

A
  • -before 1996, most could be bought commercialy

- not any more

20
Q

Bioweapon propagation

A
  • once obtained, need to be purified
  • once purified, need to stay stable
  • infecting dose varies based on dispersal agent/route and host succeptibility
21
Q

Aerosol Dispersion

A
  • Route-determined exposure
  • impacted by wind
  • exposes many ppl, but is difficult to control
  • must be inhaled
  • can be infected by environment (rain, temp., wind)
  • Can be used on smaller scale when appropriately prepared (2001 anthrax)
22
Q

Food/Water dispersion

A
  • more specific and easier to control
  • High dilution factor leads to less affective
  • agricultural bioterrorism is a thing
  • processed foods can be contaminated at factory
23
Q

Steps for preparing for attack

A
  • monitor
  • recognize early warning signs
  • vaccinate
  • wear protective gear
24
Q

Monitoring

A
  • need to determine if its an attack or just natural

- undetected attack causes mass illness and overwhelms health systems

25
Q

Early warning signs

A

-pro-strips = kit that tests for 5 common bio attacks
-Biowatch program = cheap filter system set up at unknown locations - detects pathogens in air and alerts govt - filter changed every 30 mins
-Flourescent B-cells = cells grow in presence of pathogen
-

26
Q

Protective gear

A

-Mission oriented protective posture (MOPPs)
allow airflow without infection
-sometimes lined with charcoal and have a detection slip

27
Q

vaccination

A
  • prioritize military, first responders, health care workers

- ring vaccination = vaccinating those with direct contact to the infected

Microbiology (15 decks)

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