✅Patho- Pedia

Question 1

Example of disruption

Answer 1

Amniotic bands

Question 2

Define disruption

Answer 2

Secondary destruction of a structure that was normal in development

Question 3

Example of deformation

Answer 3

Club foot

Question 4

Extrinsic disturbance of development

Answer 4

Deformation

Question 5

Most common cause of deformation

Answer 5

Uterine compression

Question 6

Most common cardiac defect in congenital rubella syndrome

Answer 6

PDA

Question 7

Potter sequence (oligohydramnios)

Answer 7

Pulmonary hypoplasia
altered facies
Positioning defects of hands and feet
Breech

Question 8

What test determine’s whether respiration took place on a newborn before death?

Answer 8

Fodere’s test

Hydrostatic test

Question 9

What test involves floating of the stomach in water to determine the presence of air?

Answer 9

Breslau’s test

Question 10

Retrolental fibroplasia

Answer 10

Retinopathy of prematurity

Question 11

Pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 11

Transluminal migration of bacteria

Question 12

MC presentation of NEC

Answer 12

Bloody stools

Question 13

Morphology of NEC

Answer 13

Pneumatosis intestinale
Bowel infarction
Post NEC strictures

Question 14

Two forms of fetal hydrops

Answer 14

Immune

Non-immune

Question 15

Immune hydrops is usually caused by

Answer 15

Hemolytic disease

Question 16

Non immune hydrops is usually caused by

Answer 16

Cardiovascular defects
Chromosomal anomalies
Fetal anemia

Question 17

Virus that can cause fetal hydrops

Answer 17

Prvovirus b19

Question 18

Amount of bilirubin to develop kernicterus

Answer 18

> 20mg/dl

Question 19

When should rhogam be administered to prevent hydrops fetalis?

Answer 19

28 weeks aog, within 72 hours of delivery or following abortions

Question 20

Morphology of hydrops

Answer 20

Compensatory hyperplasia of bone marrow
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Large chorionic villi
Kernicterus

Question 21

Mutation of what is involved in PKU

Answer 21

Gene encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 22

Imparts the mousy odor in PKU

Answer 22

Phenylacetic acid

Question 23

Most common lethal genetic disease that affects caucasians

Answer 23

Cystic fibrosis

Question 24

Tests for CF

Answer 24

Sweat chloride test

Question 25

Mutation in CF

Answer 25

Deletion of three nucleotides coding for phenylalanine at amino acid position 508 and production of a defective CFTR

Question 26

Most common cause of death among people with CF

Answer 26

Respiratory infection due to pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 27

Criteria for sudden infant death syndrome

Answer 27

Less than 1 yr old

No cause

Question 28

Most common finding in sudden infant death syndrome

Answer 28

Multiple petechiae

Question 29

Safest sleeping position for infants

Answer 29

Supine

Question 30

Most common tumors of infancy

Answer 30

Hemangioma

Question 31

Most common teratomas of childhood

Answer 31

Sacrococcygeal

Question 32

Amplification of N-myc gene

Answer 32

Neuroblastoma

Question 33

Most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood

Answer 33

Neuroblastoma

Question 34

Neuroblastoma is derived from

Answer 34

Primordial neural crest cells

Question 35

Faintly eosinophilic fibrillary material in neuroblastoma morphology

Answer 35

Neuropil

Question 36

Definition of a rosette

Answer 36

Tumor cells concentrically arranged on a central space

Question 37

Diseases with Homer-Wright rosettes

Answer 37

Neuroblastoma
Medulloblastoma
PNET

Question 38

Tumors around a blood vessel

Answer 38

Perivascular rosette

Mainly in ependymomas

Question 39

Most common primary renal tumor of childhood

Answer 39

Wilms

Question 40

Mutation in wilms

Answer 40

WT1 gene

Question 41

Morphology of wilms tumor

Answer 41

Triphasic combination of

Blastemal
Stromal
Epithelial cell types

Question 42

Primary errors of morphogenesis

Answer 42

Malformations