‼️Patho-Endocrine Flashcards
Morphology of pituitary adenoma
Uniform
Polygonal cells
Absence of significant reticulin networks
Most frequent type of hyperfunctioning pituitary adenoma
Prolactinoma
Second most common type of functioning pituitary tumor
Somatotroph adenoma
Test for elevated somatotropin
Glucose suppression of GH
Differentiate cushing disease from cushing’s syndrome
Cushing syndrome - excess ACTH
Cushing disease - if pituitary source of ACTH
What is nelson’s syndrome
Rebound enlargement of a pituitary adenoma in response to removal of the adrenals in patients with Cushing syndrome
Component of MEN 1
Pituitary adenoma
Hyperparathyroidism
Pancreatic tumor
Triad of pituitary apoplexy
Headache
Diplopia
Hypopituitarism
Sudden hemorrhage into the pituitary gland
Pituitary apoplexy
Most common cause of hyperpituitarism
Adenoma
Drugs that can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Lithium
Demelocycline
Findings in CDI and NDI after injection of ADH
CDI, Uosm inc >50 % frm baseline
NDI, Uosm inc
Treatment for CDI and NDI
CDI desmopressin
NDI thiazides or indomethacin
MCC of SIADH
Small cell lung CA (paraneoplastic)
Paraneoplastic effects of Lung SCCA
Hypercalcemia
Hyeperparathyroidism
Main drugs that can cause SIADH
Chlorpropramide
Clinical presentation of SIADH
Mental dysfunction due to cerebral edema
Hyponatremia
Treatment for SIADH
Water restriction
MCC of hypopituitarism in children
Craniopharyngioma
A craniopharyngioma is derived from
Rathke’s pouch remnants
Mutation in craniopharyngioma
WNT signaling pathway
Most often observed craniopharyngioma in kidd
Adamantinimatous (spongy reticulum, wet keratin lamellae, peripheral palisading)
Adults - Papillary (lack keratin, calcification, cysts)
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s
Hashimoto’s is associated with what mutation
CTL4 polymorphisms
Autoantibodies in hashimoto’s
Anti thyroglobulin
Anti-TPO
