‼️Patho-Endocrine

Question 1

Morphology of pituitary adenoma

Answer 1

Uniform
Polygonal cells
Absence of significant reticulin networks

Question 2

Most frequent type of hyperfunctioning pituitary adenoma

Answer 2

Prolactinoma

Question 3

Second most common type of functioning pituitary tumor

Answer 3

Somatotroph adenoma

Question 4

Test for elevated somatotropin

Answer 4

Glucose suppression of GH

Question 5

Differentiate cushing disease from cushing’s syndrome

Answer 5

Cushing syndrome - excess ACTH

Cushing disease - if pituitary source of ACTH

Question 6

What is nelson’s syndrome

Answer 6

Rebound enlargement of a pituitary adenoma in response to removal of the adrenals in patients with Cushing syndrome

Question 7

Component of MEN 1

Answer 7

Pituitary adenoma
Hyperparathyroidism
Pancreatic tumor

Question 8

Triad of pituitary apoplexy

Answer 8

Headache
Diplopia
Hypopituitarism

Question 9

Sudden hemorrhage into the pituitary gland

Answer 9

Pituitary apoplexy

Question 10

Most common cause of hyperpituitarism

Answer 10

Adenoma

Question 11

Drugs that can cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Answer 11

Lithium

Demelocycline

Question 12

Findings in CDI and NDI after injection of ADH

Answer 12

CDI, Uosm inc >50 % frm baseline

NDI, Uosm inc

Question 13

Treatment for CDI and NDI

Answer 13

CDI desmopressin

NDI thiazides or indomethacin

Question 14

MCC of SIADH

Answer 14

Small cell lung CA (paraneoplastic)

Question 15

Paraneoplastic effects of Lung SCCA

Answer 15

Hypercalcemia

Hyeperparathyroidism

Question 16

Main drugs that can cause SIADH

Answer 16

Chlorpropramide

Question 17

Clinical presentation of SIADH

Answer 17

Mental dysfunction due to cerebral edema

Hyponatremia

Question 18

Treatment for SIADH

Answer 18

Water restriction

Question 19

MCC of hypopituitarism in children

Answer 19

Craniopharyngioma

Question 20

A craniopharyngioma is derived from

Answer 20

Rathke’s pouch remnants

Question 21

Mutation in craniopharyngioma

Answer 21

WNT signaling pathway

Question 22

Most often observed craniopharyngioma in kidd

Answer 22

Adamantinimatous (spongy reticulum, wet keratin lamellae, peripheral palisading)

Adults - Papillary (lack keratin, calcification, cysts)

Question 23

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

Answer 23

Hashimoto’s

Question 24

Hashimoto’s is associated with what mutation

Answer 24

CTL4 polymorphisms

Question 25

Autoantibodies in hashimoto’s

Answer 25

Anti thyroglobulin

Anti-TPO