Patho - Final Review Flashcards
When do you expect to see spasticity in the muscle after a stroke has occurred?
After 24 hrs and then occurs opposite of the lesion
When do we expect to see flaccidity in the mm tone after a stroke has occurred?
Immediately after a stroke
What causes flaccidity in the mm tone post CVA (cerebral vascular accident)?
Happens because of cerebral shock
What does tetraplegia affect?
All four extremities and the trunk including respiratory mm
What does paraplegia affect?
All or part of the trunk and both lower extremities
What is paresis?
Partial loss of muscle function (weakness)
What is Gower’s sign and which dx does it go with?
Duchenne’s and it’s when children have to walk their hands up from the floor to stand
What is Duchenne’s Muscular dystrophy?
It is progressive, proximal muscle weakness recessive disorder due to degeneration of mm fibers
what are the signs of Duchenne’s?
Proximal mm weakness, enlarged calves, waddling gait, Gower’s sign, toe walking
What part of the body do upper motor neurons control?
Cerebral cortex and travel through the brain and spinal cord
What are the common injuries that affects UMN (upper motor neurons)?
Bell’s Palsy, Cerebral Palsy, Stroke, MS
What parts of the body do LMN (lower motor neurons) affect
They innervate the mm and glands throughout the body
What are the injuries associated with the LMN?
Poliomyelitis, post-polio, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia graves, peripheral nerve injuries
What dx has bradykinesia?
Parkinson’s Disease
What is chorea and what dx has it?
Involuntary, irregular, unpredictable mm movement, huntington’s chorea and cerebral palsy
What is the Homunculus man used for and what does it show?
Used for stroke dx and shows what body parts the stroke affects based on where the lesion is
What is a coup-contrecoup injury and what dx does it usually occur from?
When trauma hits the skull and the brain rebounds in another area. Usually associated with concussions and contusions
What is hemiparesis?
One sided weakness
What is Wallerian degeneration?
Axons degenerate distal to the lesion
When does Wallerian degeneration occur?
Occurs when the peripheral nerve is cut
In burns, which stage is when eschar occurs?
Full thickness burns
What is eschar?
Skin color that is black and dead
What is epilepsy caused by?
chronic brain disease caused by intermittent electrical activity
What are symptoms of epilepsy?
Recurring seizures, convulsions