Path - Tumors Flashcards
most CNS tumors in children are located where and are what type
- subtentorial (cerebellum and brainstem)
- embryonal, medulloblastoma, pilocytic astrocytoma
most CNS tumors in adults are located where and are what type
- supratentorial
- glioblastoma
new onset of seizure in an adult should make you think _____
brain tumor
anaplasia and mitoses are indicative of what grade of tumor
III
microvascular proliferation and necrosis are indicative of what tumor grade
IV
brainstem astrocytomas can affect what cranial nerve
6
child comes in with a tumor in the posterior fossa, what should be first on the ddx list
pilocytic astrocytoma
GFAP positive tumor indicates _____
pilocytic astrocytoma
compare primary and secondary gliobastoma
primary: later in life, no precursor lesion, EGFR and PTEN mutations
secondary: younger patients, precursor lesion, IDH1 mutation, better prognosis
3 histologic hallmarks you need to diagnose a glioblastoma
1) serpentine pattern of necrosis
2) pseudo-palisading
3) vascular/endothelial proliferation
compare an oligodendroglioma and an anaplastic oligodendrolgioma
O: 2/4 grade, favorable prognosiss
AO: 3/4 grade, poor prognosis, increased N:C, increased mitoses, increased cellularity, vascular hypertrophy, necrosis
what tumor exhibits “drop mets” where dissemination of pieces of the primary tumor through the CSF occurs
medulloblastoma
compare ependymoma and medulloblastoma
ependymoma: perivascular pseudo rosettes, less cellular and more fibrillar
medulloblastoma: homer wright rosettes
compare pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma
pilocytic astrocytoma: cystic
medulloblastoma: solid
compare atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and medulloblastoma
AT/RT: < 2 y/o patients, large cells w/ paranuclear filamentous inclusions
a tumor immunoreactive for EMA and Vimentin indicates what
atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
mutation in HSNF5/INI1 gene indicates what tumor
atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
“hooping” of cells in a tumor indicates ____
primary CNS lymphoma
what tumors are associated with hemorrhage when they metastasize to the brain
- melanoma
- choriocarcinoma
- renal cell carcinoma
- lung CA
PCA-1 antibody is indicative of what dz process
subacute cerebellar degeneration (paraneoplastic syndrome)
where do schwannomas occur
cerebellar pontine angle
what cranial nerve do schwannomas have a tendency to affect, and what sx occur
CN VIII
tinnitus and hearing loss
schwannomas are positive for what protein marker
S100
schwannomas are associated with what genetic mutation and loss of what protein
NF2 mutation
loss of merlin
compare the two areas of a schwannoma: Antoni A and Antoni B
A: cellular, spindle cells, verocay bodies
B: hypo cellular, myxoid ECM
describe verocay bodies and what tumor they are associated with
palisading nuclei around “nuclear free zones”
schwannoma
describe a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)’s grade and genetic predisposition
85% are high grade
50% arise in NF1 patients
