Path - Demyelinating, Neurodegenerative, etc. Flashcards
what disease process often follows a viral infection or sometimes a viral immunization?
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
what disease process almost always follows an upper respiratory infection?
acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (ANHE)
list the inclusions seen in Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s, and parkinsons’
HD: expanded polyglutamine repeats
Alz: beta amyloid
PD: alpha-synuclein
describe the morphological hallmark of Alzheimer’s
global cortical atrophy starting in the frontal and temporal lobes –> then parietal lobes –> then occipital lobes
congo red stain will stain amyloid, and can be indicative of what dz processes
- alzheimers’s
- cerebral amyloid angiopathy
compare morphology of pick disease and AD
pick: only frontal lobes are affected
AD: global
what is the demographic for progressive supranuclear palsy
men (2x more likely)
5th-7th decade
compare adult and juvenile Parkinson disease in terms of inheritance and protein
adult: autosomal dominant, alpha-synuclein
juvenile: autosomal recessive, alpha-synuclein and parkin
morphology of brain of pt with HD
brain is small
- decreased body of corpus callosum
- decreased head of caudate nucleus
- decreased globus pallidus
what is anticipation and how does it affect patients with HD
repeat expansions during spermatogenesis lead to earlier onset fo the disease (juvenile form)
- inherited through the father
describe the pathogenesis of HD
there is loss of medium spiny striatal neurons that leads to dysregulation of basal ganglia circuitry that modulates motor output
failure to remove cells with DNA damage is characteristic of what dz process
ataxia telangiectasia
SOD1 (superoxide dismutase) mutation is associated with what dz process
ALS
bunina bodies are associated with what dz process
ALS
decreased side of anterior horn neurons is associated with what disease process
ALS
