Clin - Dementia Flashcards
causes of vascular dementia
- multiple infarctions
- single stroke
- binswanger’s dz
- vasculitis
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
toxic/metabolic causes of dementia
- vitamin B12 deficiency
- thyroid deficiency
- system failure: liver, renal, cardiac, respiratory
- heavy metals
- toxins (glue sniffing)
what does RPR test for
syphilis
in an alzheimer’s patient, what are the results of an LP, EEG, and MRI/CT
LP: normal
EEG: normal
MRI/CT: progressive atrophy
compare mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s
in MCI, patients complain of memory issues
Alzheimer’s: patients are unaware of their memory issues
pts with MCI are 5x more likely to develop Alzheimer’s
what are the criteria for vascular dementia
1) focal signs on neuro exam (hemiparesis, lower facial weakness, babinski, sensory deficit, hemianopia)
2) evidence of relevant CV disease on brain imaging
3) a relationship b/w the cognitive problems and vascular events
tetrad for lewy body dz
dementia
parkinosnian sx
psychotic sx
extreme sensitivity to antipsychotic agents
compare lewy body and alzheimers
LB:
- progresses more rapidly
- sx vary a great deal more from day to day than AD
- psychotic sx are much more common and occur earlier
what is the response of a pt with lew body dz to levodopa
poor response
compare PD and lewy body dz
PD:
- MIDBRAIN lewy bodies
- dementia sometimes occurs in LATE in illness
- PRESENT resting tremor
- SOMETIMES autonomic dysfunction
- hallucinations ONLY in response to antiparkinsonian drugs
LB:
- CORTICAL lewy bodies
- demential EARLY in illness
- ABSENT resting tremor
- PROMINENT autonomic dysfunction
- hallucinations in the ABSENCE of antiparkinsonian drugs
characteristic findings of frontotemporal degeneration
- dementia
- deterioration of social skills
- changes in personality
- impairment of intellect, memory, and language
clinical sx of CADASIL
migraine headaches and TIAs or strokes
eventually progresses to subcortical dementia
