Path - Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Components of synovial joints

A

Joint space - lines joint cavity & articulating bones w layer of cartilage
Articular cartilage - hyaline cartilage, 70-80% water
Synoviocytes - produce fluid for synovial fluid
Chondrocytes - cells within cartilage; collagen - structural proteins & glycans - non structural proteins

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2
Q

Morphologic features of articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
Chondrocytes : collagen & glycans
TM : tide marker, junction between articulate & calcified cartilage

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3
Q

Morphologic features of subchondral bone

A
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4
Q

Morphologic features of synovium

A
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5
Q

Traumatic joint injury

A
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6
Q

Example of traumatic joint injury

A
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7
Q

Arthrogryposis

A

Congenital joint contracture, infant animal is born with limbs and joints splayed in various directions due to lack of movement & joint configuration in the womb

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of arthrogryposis

A

Sporadic - random/unknown
Intrauterine viral infection
- akabane virus
- blue tongue virus (Culicoides)
- schmallenberg virus
Hereditary CNS disease
Toxins - lupine plants & poison hemlock

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of degenerative joint disease

A

Chronic, destructive disease of synovial joints
Common sequel to various forms of joint injury

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10
Q

Inciting causes of degenerative joint disease

A

Age
Conformational defects : hip dysplasia, patellar luxation, osteochrondrosis
Excessive wear/use : athletic animals
Joint inflammation : synovitis, arthritis

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11
Q

Complex path of DJD

A

Damage to Chondrocytes
Proteoglycan depletion = dehydration
Loss of normal articular cartilage viscosity
Progressive loss of cartilage due to normal biomechanial forces (movement)
Release of cytokine/GF = inflammation, 2nd response
Cartilage matrix degradation > repair

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12
Q

Eburnation

A

“Like ivory”
Degeneration/wear in subcondylar bone, whitening appearance & polishing

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13
Q

Fibrillation of cartilage

A

Fissure is damage or a tear in cartilage, fibrillation is the sub acute or chronic condition with multiple fissures present in cartilage

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14
Q

What DJD is common in horses?

A

Navicular syndrome
Degenerative arthropathy of navicular bone
Common in fore limbs or abnormal foot conformation

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15
Q

What animal is osteophytes commonly found w DJD?

A
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16
Q

Ankylosing spondylosis is commonly found in what animal?

17
Q

Intervertebral disc disease is common in w hat animal

18
Q

Pathogenesis of infectious arthritis

A

Hematogenous = poly arthritis, multi joint
Common in young animals
Direct extension - due to penetrating wound or adjacent soft tissue infection
Prognosis & outcome depend on degree of cartilage damage
Infection elim before Cartilage damage -> normal function
Cartilage damage occurs -> DJD, synovial fibrosis

19
Q

Common Infections that lead to arthritis in pigs

A

Strep suis, haemophilus parasuis, mycoplasma, Trueperella pyogenes, E. coli, erysiplothrix rhusipathiae

20
Q

Common infections that lead to arthritis in cattle

A

Trueperella pyogenes, e. Coli, strep spp, histophilus somni, mycoplasma bovis, salmonella, borrelia burgdoferi

21
Q

Common infections that could cause arthritis in sheep

A

Mycoplasma, strep, chlamydophilia, E. coli

22
Q

Common infections that could cause arthritis in goats

A

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

23
Q

Common infections that could cause arthritis in horses

A

Actinbacillus equuli, strep, e Coli, salmonella, borrelia burgdoferi

24
Q

Common infections that can cause arthritis in dogs

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

25
Pathogenesis of suppurative diskospondylitis
Purulent inflammation of intervertebral disks, brucella infection
26
Non-infectious erosive arthritis pathogenesis
Rheumatoid arthritis Chronic immune mediated disease Pannus formation - migration of inflammation over the articular cartilage
27
Non-infectious non-erosive arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus Anti-nuclear antibody, anemia, thrombocytopenia, glomerulonphritis, dermatitis
28
Path of idiopathic poly arthritis
Concurrent with chronic disease
29
Path of primary joint neoplasia
Synovial cell sarcoma From synovial lining cells, can occur in joints/tendon sheaths Locally invasive & destructive, moderate to low distant metastatic potential
30
Path of articular/ periarticular histocytic sarcoma
Within or adjacent to joints (stifle, elbow) More common than SCS in dogs Distant metastasis more likely than SCS