Equine Muscle Exam Flashcards
Skeletal muscle composition in horses
> 50% of body weight is MM
@vo2 max 78% of TCO
Methods for diagnosing muscle disease
History
PE
Chemistry - myoglobin
Imaging
GT
Biopsy
Indications in PE
Lack of symmetry
Cardinal signs of inflammation
Observe signs of lameness
Diagnostic tools for MD
Ultrasound
Thermography
Scintigraphy
Radiography
Biopsy
Genetic testing
Theory of exercise respond test
Comparing CK at rest and post exercise
CK should only be slightly elevated in NA
With muscle disease present CK will be extremely elevated
features of Exertional rhabdomyolysis
Tying/lack of use
Monday morning / rest after work
Azoturia
Sporadic, chronic, recurrent, PSSM, enzyme deficiency, mitochondrial, inflammatory, seasonal myopathy
Pathogenesis of PSSM
Subset to chronic ER
Type I - genetic mutation, glycogen accumulates inside muscle cell, formation of abnormal poly
Type II - idiopathic, biopsy shows clumping of glycogen
PSSM type I
Metabolic abnormality
QH, draft, warm bloods
Clin sign : muscle stiffness, intolerance, reluctance, atrophy renal failure - colic like symptoms
Appearance of PSSM muscle biopsy
Subsarcolemmal vacuoles
Period acid Schiff
Lacking AMS digestion
Treating acute PSSM
Rest, fluid therapy, NSAID
Daily exercise & slow periods
Prevention of PSSM diet
Low carbs, rationed diet, supplement Vit E and selenium, electrolyte complex
Features of post anesthetic myopathy
Unilateral in triceps
Bilateral - glutes / Longissimus
Immediate or delayed
Treat as acute ER
Features of Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Genetic in QH
Na channels leak, membrane is hyperexcitable
Similar to seizures, unresponsive, death can occur
Triggers - high K diet, quick diet changes, stress, fasting, anesthesia
Treating HYPP
IV calcium gluconate - reset membrane potential
5% dextrose - promotes K reuptake by cells
Tracheostomy - restore airway
Stimulate insulin
Epinephrine
Acetazolamide
Prevention of HYPP
Decrease dietary K
Alfalfa, brome, canola oil, soy bean meal, molasses, kelp
Regulate feeding to regulate channels + insulin
Avoid cold + stress