Equine Muscle Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle composition in horses

A

> 50% of body weight is MM
@vo2 max 78% of TCO

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2
Q

Methods for diagnosing muscle disease

A

History
PE
Chemistry - myoglobin
Imaging
GT
Biopsy

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3
Q

Indications in PE

A

Lack of symmetry
Cardinal signs of inflammation
Observe signs of lameness

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4
Q

Diagnostic tools for MD

A

Ultrasound
Thermography
Scintigraphy
Radiography
Biopsy
Genetic testing

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5
Q

Theory of exercise respond test

A

Comparing CK at rest and post exercise
CK should only be slightly elevated in NA
With muscle disease present CK will be extremely elevated

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6
Q

features of Exertional rhabdomyolysis

A

Tying/lack of use
Monday morning / rest after work
Azoturia
Sporadic, chronic, recurrent, PSSM, enzyme deficiency, mitochondrial, inflammatory, seasonal myopathy

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of PSSM

A

Subset to chronic ER
Type I - genetic mutation, glycogen accumulates inside muscle cell, formation of abnormal poly
Type II - idiopathic, biopsy shows clumping of glycogen

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8
Q

PSSM type I

A

Metabolic abnormality
QH, draft, warm bloods
Clin sign : muscle stiffness, intolerance, reluctance, atrophy renal failure - colic like symptoms

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9
Q

Appearance of PSSM muscle biopsy

A

Subsarcolemmal vacuoles
Period acid Schiff
Lacking AMS digestion

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10
Q

Treating acute PSSM

A

Rest, fluid therapy, NSAID
Daily exercise & slow periods

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11
Q

Prevention of PSSM diet

A

Low carbs, rationed diet, supplement Vit E and selenium, electrolyte complex

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12
Q

Features of post anesthetic myopathy

A

Unilateral in triceps
Bilateral - glutes / Longissimus
Immediate or delayed
Treat as acute ER

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13
Q

Features of Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

A

Genetic in QH
Na channels leak, membrane is hyperexcitable
Similar to seizures, unresponsive, death can occur
Triggers - high K diet, quick diet changes, stress, fasting, anesthesia

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14
Q

Treating HYPP

A

IV calcium gluconate - reset membrane potential
5% dextrose - promotes K reuptake by cells
Tracheostomy - restore airway
Stimulate insulin
Epinephrine
Acetazolamide

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15
Q

Prevention of HYPP

A

Decrease dietary K
Alfalfa, brome, canola oil, soy bean meal, molasses, kelp
Regulate feeding to regulate channels + insulin
Avoid cold + stress

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