Ms Infection - Arthritis & Osteomyelitis Erysipelothrix Flashcards

1
Q

Ways joints can get infected

A

Iatrogenic - diagnostic /therapeutic procedures
Direct inoculation, penetrating trauma
Adjacent osteomyelitis
Hematogenous route - whole body septic process

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2
Q

2 ways clinical signs develop

A

Direct & indirect
Direct arthropathy = infection/septic arthritis, presence of live microorganisms in articular cavity
Indirect arthropathy - disposition of immune complexes in synovial membrane, could have symptoms of infectious process w/out presence of live bacteria

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3
Q

Features of Erysipelothrix

A

Gram + short rods
Facultatively anaerobic
Non motile

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4
Q

origin of Erysipelothrix

A

Environmental, sewage, decaying veg, GIT / mucous membranes
Tonsils of pigs is a reservoir for bacteria

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5
Q

Transmission of Erysipelothrix

A

Ingestion
Feco-oral
Urine - oral
Salvia - oral

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6
Q

Virulence facors or Erysipelothrix

A

Facultative intracellular
Capsule - prevents phagocytosis
Adherence - to endothelial cells
Neuraminidase - hemolysis, thrombus, coagulopathy

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7
Q

Main species infected by Erysipelothrix

A

Pigs & turkeys
Sheep, dogs, cats, birds, marine mammals & humans

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8
Q

4 main diseases caused by Erysipelothrix

A

Septicemia
Diamond skin disease
Arthritis
Endocarditis

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9
Q

Erysipelothrix - septicemia

A

Acute form of infection
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae spreads systemically through the blood stream
Common in young pigs & turkeys
Severe form & presents as sudden death
Causes cyanosis, decreased blood flow to extremities, Neuraminidase = thrombi/blocked vesse;s

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10
Q

Diamond skin disease

A

Less severe form of disease
Rhomboid lesions on skin or swelling around snood
Manifestation of systemic disease

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11
Q

Arthritis

A

Infection w live bacteria localized in joints
Immune mediated inflammation
Synovial membrane hyperplasia w pannus formation

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12
Q

Endocarditis

A

Valvular endocarditis in mitral valve (most common)
+/- dissemination of infection & infarcts throughout the body

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13
Q

Diagnosing Erysipelothrix

A

Clinical signs - species
Sample from lesions
Gram stain/diff quick (G+ short rods)
Aerobic culture

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14
Q

Treating Erysipelothrix

A

Penicillin is best
Treatment is not ideal for chronic cases (arthritis & endocarditis)
Location of infection can make it more difficult to treat (heart valves, joints, CNS)

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15
Q

Controlling Erysipelothrix

A

Reduce predisposing factors for disease transmission - cull chronic animals
Vaccines available for pigs and turkeys

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