Past paper question Flashcards
Identify two functions of protein in a balanced diet.
Growth/Growth of cells/Growth of body tissue
Repair/Repair of body tissue
Form muscle tissue/Form muscle
Form hormones/Hormone formation
Form enzymes
Form haemoglobin
Broken down into amino acids/Amino acids/Broken down to produce amino acids
Explain why a table tennis player may use caffeine as a nutritional ergogenic aid.
Increased alertness to anticipate which way the ball is going to travel during a rally
Decreased reaction time to react to a powerful shot and return the ball
Increased fat metabolism to maintain optimum weight/Body shape for table
tennis
Assists in preservation of glycogen for energy during a match
Increases activity of the central nervous system
Identify two sporting activities where a high percentage of fast oxidative glycolytic muscle fibres would be beneficial.
800m running/1500m running/Middle distance running
200m freestyle/Buttery/Breaststroke
High press in football
Using a sporting example, describe what is meant by tapering.
Maintaining intensity but reducing the volume of training to prepare for competition
A runner will reduce the number of training miles completed by a third per week during the tapering period
Stability is defined as “the ability of the body to remain in a balanced position”.
Describe factors that affect stability.
Mass
Height of the centre of mass/Centre of mass
Base of support/Size of base of support
Line of gravity
Points of contact
Explain how venous return mechanisms assist in the return of blood back to the heart.
Skeletal muscle pump squeezes veins and increases pressure/Muscle pump squeezes on the veins forcing blood upwards/Skeletal muscle pump squeezes
Gravity forces blood downwards from the upper body/Gravity can be used if the
performer raises their legs/Gravity applies weight force to the blood
Respiratory pump uses pressure differences in the thoracic cavity to aid the
movement of blood/Pressure in the chest cavity moves the blood/Respiratory pump is useful for the final part of the journey
Pocket valves in veins prevent backflow of blood during diastole/Pocket valves prevent backflow/Valves in veins keep blood moving in one direction only
Smooth muscle around veins pulses to increase pressure in the vein/Smooth
muscle squeezes on the vein/Smooth muscle constricts and dilates squeezing blood back
Describe the ATP- PC energy system.
PC breakdown releases energy/Releases energy/High energy bond is broken
Energy is used to resynthesize ATP/Resynthesize ATP/Energy + ADP + P = ATP
Using coupled reactions/Coupled reactions/Endothermic and exothermic
reactions
Reaction takes place without oxygen/Reaction without oxygen/Anaerobic reaction
The enzyme is creatine kinase/Enzyme creatine kinase/Creatine kinase
1 ATP per PC/1 ATP 1 PC/1:1 energy yield
Reactions take place in the sarcoplasm/Sarcoplasm
Used during high-intensity activity/During high-intensity exercise/During intense activity
Explain why a coach would encourage an endurance athlete to attend a high altitude training camp
Allows athlete to acclimatise to conditions/Acclimatisation/Period of
acclimatisation
Minimise the impact of decreased partial pressure of oxygen/pO2
Increased release of erythropoietin/Increase in red blood cell production/Increase
in concentration of red blood cells to make oxygen transport more efficient
Altitude training helps to stabilise breathing rate and ventilation after acclimatisation
Oxygen extraction becomes more efficient/Oxygen extraction efficiency leads to lower stroke volume/Cardiac output
(6) [AO 2] Reduces chances of altitude sickness/Reduces chances of becoming
unwell/Reduces chance of breathlessness
Dynamic flexibility and maximum strength are both fitness components important in sport. Describe a sporting situation where each would be used
Dynamic flexibility is needed at the shoulder when throwing a javelin/When a dancer performs a split leap/During the bowling action in cricket
Maximum strength is needed when performing a deadlift in weightlifting/When
throwing an opponent in judo/When pushing in a rugby scrum
Identify three tests which assess aerobic capacity.
Cooper 12 minute run/12 minute run
Queen’s College step test
Multi-stage fitness test/NCF multi-stage fitness test/Multi stage fitness test
(Direct gas analysis/Gas analysis/VO2 max test using direct gas analysis
Evaluate the use of continuous training as part of a training programme for a
triathlete.
Continuous training is simple/Basic/Easy to set up
Continuous training is easily available for performers/Available without needing complex facility to train in
Performer can use continuous training regardless of current fitness levels/Suits all
fitness levels/Suits training after an injury lay-off
Continuous training is specific for triathlon/Specific to all three disciplines for
triathlon/Specific for different parts of triathlon
Effective for improving aerobic capacity/Endurance/Cardiovascular endurance
Continuous training can be tedious/Boring/Too repetitive
Time consuming/Takes too long/Not time-efficient
Has a detrimental effect on speed/Doesn’t help speed/Speed is also needed in triathlon and continuous training can hinder this
Can cause chronic injury/Cause injury/Cause performer to stop training due to injury
Describe the process of glycogen loading.
Manipulation of carbohydrate intake in the week before competition/Manipulation of amount of carbohydrate prior to competition/Change the amount of carbohydrate intake a week prior to competition
Day 1 glycogen depleting bout of endurance exercise/Depleted glycogen stores through endurance exercise/Endurance exercise to deplete glycogen
Day 2-3 high protein/High fat diet/Diet high in fat
Day 4 glycogen depleting bout of endurance exercise/Depleted glycogen stores through endurance exercise/Endurance exercise depletes glycogen
Days 5-7 high carbohydrate diet/Consume high amounts of carbohydrate/Increase carbohydrate intake
Day 5-7 training reduced/Tapering/Rest
Evaluate the effectiveness of glycogen loading as an ergogenic aid.
Days 5-7 high carbohydrate diet/Consume high amounts of carbohydrate/Increase
carbohydrate intake
Day 5-7 training reduced/Tapering/Rest
Glycogen loading leads to 50% greater glycogen stores/Large increase in glycogen
stores/Increases glycogen stores
Takes longer to reach exhaustion/Can exercise for longer before exhaustion/Increase time to exhaustion
Delays fatigue/More resistant to fatigue/Reduces rate of fatiguing
Risk of hypoglycaemia/Hypoglycaemia can occur/Risk of hypoglycaemia in depletion phase
Causes lethargy/Cause tiredness/Cause sluggishness
Causes irritability/Causes anger/Causes rage
Gastrointestinal problems/Problems with intestines
Causes water retention/Water retention/ Hold water
Can affect mental preparation/Affect mental state/Affect mindset
Explain how a tennis player creates topspin on the ball when playing a forehand shot.
Applies an off-centre force to the ball/Eccentric force/Applies torque above the centre of the ball
Causes the ball to spin forwards around the transverse axis/Ball spins forwards during flight
Airow decreases above the ball/Air moves more slowly above the ball/Slower moving air above the ball
High-pressure zone/High pressure/High air pressure above the ball
Increased air ow below the ball/Air moves faster below the ball/Slow moving air
below the ball
Low pressure zone/Low pressure/Low air pressure below the ball
Pressure gradient /Pressure differential/Pressure difference
Magnus force downwards/Magnus force created/Magnus force
Ball has a reduced flight path/Asymmetrical flight path/Non-parabolic flight path
Identify two factors that affect the magnitude of drag acting on a body moving through water.
Velocity
Frontal cross-sectional area
Streamlining/Shape/Aerodynamic shape
Surface characteristics/Smoothness of the surface
