Acute and Chronic Injuries

Question 1

Compare acute and chronic injuries (2)

Answer 1

Acute; Sudden, Caused by impact/ trauma
Chronic; Develop slowly, Caused by overuse

Question 2

Apart from dislocation, give a sporting example of an acute injuryanda chronic injury (1)

Answer 2

Acute:
E.g. fractured leg from high tackle in football
Chronic:
E.g. shin splints from too much running on hard surface
E.g. tennis elbow/ golfer’s elbow

Question 3

Outline what is meant by the term ‘exercise-induced muscle damage’. Describe a sporting situation that may cause exercise-induced muscle damage. (2)

Answer 3

Microscopic tears in muscle
Eccentric muscle contractions e.g. downhill running / plyometrics

Question 4

Explain why a simple fracture is an example of an acute, hard tissue injury (1)

Answer 4

Caused by sudden impactandaffectsbone

Question 5

Describe the use of surgery to treat acute, hard tissue injuries. (4)

Answer 5

Open surgery - Incision made to open a joint to access injury
Realign fractured or dislocated bones
Stabilise - Use of plates/pinstostabilise fractures or dislocation
Arthroscopy surgerytoaccess injury in a less invasive manner
Used to repair damaged cartilage in shoulder

Question 6

Describetwochronic sports injuries and give sporting examples (2)

Answer 6

Stress fracture - Small crack in surface of the bone
Cause - repetitive stress
e.g. excessive distance runningorintensity of gymnastics training too high
Osteoarthritis - Swelling of joint
Cause - Overuse of joint
e.g. knee joints of a career footballer

Question 7

Describethree
intrinsic risk factors associated with contact sports such as rugby union. (3)

Answer 7

Weight compared to opponents
Individual skill level
Previous injury
Posture
Poor preparation
Ineffective warm up