Lifestyle Diseases, Injury and Prevention Flashcards
What is Coronary Heart Disease?
Coronary heart disease is the build-up of plaque within the arteries supplying the heart (coronary arteries) with oxygen.
This build-up of plaque on the artery walls is known as atherosclerosis and it can restrict the supply of oxygen to the heart by reducing the size of the artery lumen.
What is a stroke?
A stroke occurs when the passage of oxygen to the brain is restricted by the formation of a blood clot.
How does a blood clot occur?
Blood clots occur when plaque breaks off from the artery wall and blocks the blood vessel, thus preventing oxygen from being transported any further.
What is a Heart attack?
Similarly to a stroke, a heart attack occurs when the blood supply to the heart’s coronary artery (which supplies the heart with blood) is blocked. If the blood cannot flow through the coronary arteries, the heart will be starved of oxygen.
What is the Effects of Training on Cardiovascular Disease
Increased stroke volume, which improves oxygen transport
Reduced heart rate at rest and during sub-maximal exercise, which reduces the strain on the heart
Reduced blood pressure
Reduced amount of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
Increased amount of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
Increased diameter of the coronary artery lumen
Reduced blood viscosity
Reduced risk of obesity
What is Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Individuals with COPD have constant difficulty breathing as the airways become congested and the alveoli become less effective
What is Asthma?
Individuals with asthma have difficulty breathing for a short period due to an inflammatory response of the airways which restricts the movement of oxygen
The impact of COPD and asthma can be reduced by taking part in regular training. The positive effect of training occurs due to:
An improved efficiency of gaseous exchange at sites of gas exchange (the tissue and alveoli)
Increased lung volume which allows more oxygen to enter the lungs
More oxygen is available to enter the bloodstream
Breathing rate is lowered, which prevents shortness of breath – a symptom of respiratory diseases
what are the intrinsic factors of injury?
flexibility, age, body mass, injury history, underprepared, fitness level, warm up, cool down, overuse
What is Saltaps?
See, ask, look, touch, active, passive, strength
What is PRICE?
Protect, rest, ice, compress, elevate
Explain how asthma would inhibit an athletes ability to exercise and how they could overcome this
It would restrict the passage of oxygen through the lungs
Less oxygen would be available to diffuse into the bloodstream
Less oxygen would be available to fuel muscle contractions, which would limit performance and cause fatigue
The athlete would experience shortness of breath
Avoid exposure to allergens
Take part in regular training to improve respiratory function
