Energy for excercise Flashcards
Explain the principle of a coupled reaction using the ATP/PC energy system as your example. (4)
Linked reactions take place
The first reaction produces energy
PC broken down to release energy
The second reaction the energy created in the first is used to form a endothermic reaction
Energy from breakdown of PC used to resynthesise ATP
Energy +ADP+Pi=ATP
Explain how the majority of ATP would be resynthesised by a marathon runner. (5)
Aerobic system
Fuel used is glucose
Aerobic glycolysis, Krebs cycleandelectron transport chain
Glycolysistakes place in sarcoplasm
Krebs and ETCtake place in mitochondria
Produces 38 ATP per mole of glucose
Glucose to pyruvate
Pyruvate combines with co enzyme A to form Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid or CO2produced
H2O produced
Aerobic system resynthesises ATP for long duration / 3 minutes +
Aerobic system resynthesises ATP during low intensity
Define the terms ‘energy’, ‘work’ and ‘power’, and identify a unit of measurement for each. (3)
Energy - Ability to perform work or put mass into motion - Joules
Work - When a force is applied to a body or object to move it a set distance - Joules
Power - Rate at which work can be done - Watts
Explain the role of ATP in providing energy for muscle contraction (3)
Energy currency that powers all forms of biological work
A store of potential energy
ATP is broken down to release energy
An exothermic reaction
Facilitating enzyme is ATPase
Can be resynthesised via the energy systems
The breakdown and resynthesis of ATP is a reversible reaction or
Oxygen availability and fuel availability affect ATP resynthesis. describe how these factors determine which energy system is used. (4)
If oxygen is available then the aerobic system would be predominant
If no oxygen available then the anaerobic systems will be predominant
If an activity is up to 10 secs the predominant energy system would be the ATP / PC system
If oxygen supply falls below the requirements then the lactic acid system would become predominant.
If there are PC stores then the ATP / PC energy system will be predominant for high intensity
P C stores deplete quickly during very high intensity exercise
If glycogen is present then the aerobic system will be the predominant system or if the exercise is high intensity then lactic acid system is used.
The greater the glucose stores the longer the aerobic system can be the predominant system
Fats available then the aerobic system would be the predominant energy system
Identify the processes that occur during the fast component of excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) (2)
re-synthesis of ATP
Replenishment of myoglobin with oxygen
During a 100 metre sprint an athlete resynthesises ATP. Identify the fuel used to resynthesise ATP and the site of the reaction. (2)
Phosphocreatine
Sarcoplasm
Explain why ATP plays a major role in the performance of a smash in badminton. (2)
ATP breakdown provides energy for immediate need
ATP breakdown provides energy for very high intensity
Describe the predominant energy system used by elite swimmers during the 100 metre freestyle race. (5)
Lactic acid system
Anaerobic
Glycogen broken down to pyruvate
Sarcoplasm
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate converted to lactate in absence of O2
2 ATP produced per molecule of glucose
Explain why the use of this energy system cannot be sustained for more than several minutes. (2)
Lactic acid causes onset of blood lactate accumulation
Increase in acidity
Inhibits enzyme action
Using sporting examples, compare the energy expenditure and energy intake of elite athletes to untrained performers. (4)
All elite performers will have greater energy expenditure due to demands of event
Therefore energy intake will need to be greater
To maintain energy balance
Increased carbohydrate intake than average for e.g. marathon runner
Increased protein intake for muscle repair than average for e.g. rugby player
Reduced fat intake than average for e.g. gymnast to prevent weight gain
Explain the energy continuum. Justify the position ofonesporting activity on the energy continuum (4)
Relative contribution of each energy system
Dependent on intensityandduration
E.g. Marathon predominantly aerobic
E.g. 100m sprinter very high intensity
Identify the predominant energy system used in an elite level performance for the following activities (2)
100 m freestyle swim completed in 50 seconds
Lactic acid system
Gymnastics vault
ATP PC system
Describe the predominant energy system which resynthesises ATP while performing the long jump in athletics. (5)
ATP-PC
PC breakdown releasesenergy
Energy used to resynthesize ATP
Using coupled reaction
Anaerobic
Creatine kinase
Sarcoplasm
1 ATP per PC
Evaluate the effectiveness of this system to resynthesise ATP (3)
Quick
Provides energy for high-intensity activities
No delayto wait for oxygen
No fatiguing by-products
PC recovery30s for 50%/ 2-3min for full recovery
Limited stores of PC
Only1ATP per PC
