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yr3: mm fc ed. > Past paper pop quiz 3 > Flashcards

Past paper pop quiz 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How do myasthenia gravis and Lambert eaton syndrome differ?

A

MG: Fatigue WORSENS with activity
LE: Fatigue IMPROVES with activity

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2
Q

Name a risk factor for bladder cancer

A

Exposure to dye-stuffs

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3
Q

List 3 drugs that damage the mucosa, thus worsening symptoms of reflux

A

NSAIDs
Aspirin
Steroids
Bisphosophonates

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4
Q

List 3 drugs that reduce lower oesophageal sphincter contraction, thus worsening symptoms of reflux

A

TCAs
Nitrates
Anticholinergic

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5
Q

What characterises Wolf Parkinson White syndrome?

A

Slurred upstroke + short PR interval on ECG

Due to bundle of Kent accessory pathway

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6
Q

In which COPD patients should long term oxygen therapy be considered in?

A

PaO2 < 7.3 kPa despite maximal tx
PaO2 7.3-8.0 kPa + 1 of: pulmonary HTN,
polycythaemia, peripheral oedema or nocturnal hypoxia
Terminally ill patients

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7
Q

What triad of features characterises acute mesenteric ischaemia?

A

Severe abdominal pain
Normal abdominal examination
Shock

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8
Q

What are the causes of acute mesenteric ischaemia?

A

Thrombosis (Atherosclerosis)
Embolism (emboli from AF)
Venous thrombosis (in hypercoaguable states)
Hypotension

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9
Q

What are the causes of chronic mesenteric ischaemia?

A

Low flow states e.g. HF + Atherosclerotic disease

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10
Q

How does chronic mesenteric ischaemia present?

A

Gut claudication (diffuse abdo pain, colicky, post prandial)
PR bleeding
Weight loss

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11
Q

Name 2 signs of perforation seen on AXR

A

Rigler’s sign: air on both sides of bowel wall

Pneumoperitoneum: air under diaphragm

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12
Q

What may be seen on AXR in advanced mesenteric ischaemia?

A

Gassless abdomen
Thickening of bowel wall
Pneumatosis (air in bowel wall due to necrosis)

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13
Q

What can cause acute limb ischaemia?

A

Thrombus in situ

Embolus from AF

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14
Q

What should be given to patients with suspected acute limb ischaemia? What are the definitive treatment options?

A

IV Heparin
Embelectomy
Thrombolysis

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15
Q

What triad characterises granulomatosis with polyangitis?

A 
URT involvement (Nosebleeds)
LRT involvement (Haemoptysis) Glomerulonephritis (haematuria + proteinuria)
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16
Q

Name a clinical feature of granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Saddle nose

17
Q

What antibody is strongly associated with granulomatosis polyangitis?

A

cANCA

18
Q

What is Cor pulmonale?

A

right heart failure resulting from chronic pulmonary hypertension

19
Q

List 3 causes of Cor pulmonale

A

Chronic lung diseases (e.g. COPD)
Pulmonary vascular disease (e.g. PE)
Neuromuscular disease (e.g. myasthenia gravis)

20
Q

What condition causes telescoping of the digits?

A

Arthritis mutilans

21
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of PCOS?

A

Autosomal dominant

22
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of HOCM?

A

Autosomal dominant

23
Q

List the 3 main visual field defects and location of the causative lesion

A

Mononoculear vision loss: optic nerve
Bitemporal hemianopia: optic chiasm
Homonomous hemianopia: post optic chiasm= optic tract

24
Q

How do bacterial and viral conjunctivitis differ?

A

Bacterial: purulent discharge (‘yellow crust’)
Viral: only makes eyes water.

25
Q

What scrotal lump transilluminates ?

A

Hydrocele

26
Q

List 4 causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Inherited
Alcohol abuse
Post-viral myocarditis
Thyrotoxicosis.

27
Q

What occurs in restrictive cardiomyopathy? List 3 causes

A

stiff ventricles unable to relax + adequately fill with blood. Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
Haemochromatosis.

28
Q

What 3 signs are indicative of HOCM?

A

Jerky pulse
Ejection systolic murmur
Double apex beat

29
Q

What medication reduces the effects of alcohol withdrawal?

A

Chlordiazepoxide (a benzodiazepine)

30
Q

Which TB antibiotic can cause peripheral neuropathy? How can this be prevented?

A

Isoniazid as causes Vitamin B6 deficiency

Give Pyridoxine

31
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia? What can the formation of abnormal blood vessels lead to?

A

Autosomal dominant

Bleeding, can manifest as haeatemesis or rectal bleeding

32
Q

What triad of symptoms characterises normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Confusion/ dementia
Gait disturbance
Urinary incontinence

33
Q

Which TB antibiotic causes visual impairment?

A

Ethambutol

34
Q

Which TB antibiotic causes joint pain?

A

Pyrazinamide

yr3: mm fc ed. (46 decks)

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