DPD: Amir Sam Resp. cases Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 causes of sudden onset shortness of breath (seconds)

A

Pneumothorax- rupture of bullae

PE

FB

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2
Q

List 3 causes of shortness of breath occurring within minutes

A

Inflammation/ obstruction of airways

Chest infection (pus)

Acute heart failure (fluid)

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3
Q

List 5 causes of shortness of breath persisting for days/ weeks

A

Interstitial lung disease

Malignancy

Large pleural effusion

Neuromuscular

Anaemia

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4
Q

What treatment is required for primary pneumothoraces <2cm and >2cm?

A

< 2cm: Discharge, repeat CXR

> 2cm: Aspiration, if unsuccessful chest drain

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5
Q

What treatment is required for secondary pneumothoraces <2cm and >2cm?

A

< 2cm: Aspiration

> 2cm: chest drain

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6
Q

What signs may be seen on ECG due to a PE?

A

Signs of strain on the right side of the heart

RBBB

Right axis deviation

S1Q3T3

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7
Q

What is the significance of either lead I or II being negative? What else should you look at?

A

Axis deviation

Overall +ve avL= LEFT axis deviation

Overall -ve avL= Right axis deviation

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8
Q

What is the likely diagnosis in a: 50y F with chronic SOB, sputum, no clubbing + FEV1/FVC ratio < 70% ? What features may be seen on CXR?

A

COPD

Lung hyperinflation

Flattened diaphragm

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9
Q

What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with: Cough sputum wt loss Night sweats fluffy airspace shadowing on CXR

A

Pulmonary TB

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10
Q

What is the likely diagnosis in a: 70y M SOB Keeps pigeons CXR: bilateral reticular nodular shadowing

A

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

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11
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

hyperexpanded + flattened diaphragm

COPD

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12
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Lung markings absent on left

Pneumothorax

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13
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Airspace fluffy shadowing

Pneumonia

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14
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Bilateral airway shadowing

Pulmonary oedema

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15
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Reticular nodular pattern

Pulmonary fibrosis

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16
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Homogenoeus left pleural effusion

17
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Right lung collapse

18
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Left cavitating lesion with air-fluid level visible

Infection (TB)

Inflammation (RA)

Malignancy (squamous cell carcinoma)

19
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Globular outline of the heart

Enlarged heart

Pericardial effusion

20
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Infection (TB)

Inflammation (sarcoid)

Malignancy (lymphoma)

21
Q

What features are seen on this CXR? What is the likely cause?

A

Pleural plaques

Asbestos exposure

22
Q

What are the different causes of shadowing based on distribution?

A

Alveolar/ interstitial shadowing: fluid (heart failure) or pus (pneumonia)

–reticulonodular shadowing (fibrosis)

–homogeneous shadowing (pleural effusion)

23
Q

What is suggested by a reticulo-nodular pattern of opacities?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

24
Q

What is suggested by homogeneous shadowing?

A

Pleural effusion

25
Q

List 3 infectious causes of a cavitating lung lesion with an air fluid level

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Klebsiella pneumoniae

TB

26
Q

List 3 non-infectious causes of a cavitating lung lesion with an air fluid level

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

Rheumatoid arthritis

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis