Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YR3: MM FC Ed. > DPD: Amir Sam Neuro cases > Flashcards

DPD: Amir Sam Neuro cases Flashcards

1
Q

Which sites may a lesion causing a neurological pathology be found?

A 
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerve roots
Peripheral nerves
Neuromuscular junction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What may cause neurological pathology broadly speaking?

A 
Vascular
Infection
Inflammation/ AI
Toxic/ Metabolic
Tumour/ malignancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State what would be affected by pathology of each of the cranial nerves

A 
I: sense of smell
II: VA, VF, pupils, fundoscopy
III, IV, VI: diplopia
V: sensation, corneal reflex
VII: facial palsy
VIII: hearing
IX, X: Speech, swallowing
XI: Sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
XII: tongue movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the tone, power and reflexes seen in upper motor neurone lesions

A

Tone: Increased (spasticity)
Power: Decreased
Reflexes: Increased (brisk), upgoing plantar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the tone, power and reflexes seen in lower motor neurone lesions

A

Tone: Decreased (flaccid)
Power: Decreased
Reflexes: Diminished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List 3 examples of UMN conditions

A

Stroke
Multiple sclerosis
Huntingtons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Using the acronym, list the cerebellar signs

A 
Dysdiadochokinesa
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Intention tremor
Slurred/ staccato speech
Hypotonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How would you locate the lesion based on the distribution of abnormal sensation?

A 
Cerebral cortex: Hemisensory loss
Spinal cord: reduced up to certain Level
Nerve roots (Radiculopathy): Dermatome
Mononeuropathy: Specific area
Polyneuropathy: Glove + stocking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Considering the broad causes of pathology, what can cause peripheral neuropathy?

A

Vascular: No.
Infection: HIV
Inflammation/ AI: Vasculitis, CTD, inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy
Toxic/ Metabolic: DM, Alcohol, B12 deficiency
Tumour/ Malignancy: Paraneoplastic feature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 3 features of papillitis (optic neuritis at head of optic nerve)

A

Blurred vision
Blurred optic disc margins
Pain on eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What features are suggestive of MS?

A

2 lesions

Separated in time + space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give 4 differentials for apparent confusion and decreased AMTS

A

Post-ictal (post seizure)
Dysphasia
Dementia
Depressive pseudo dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the GCS

A 
Eyes
4 = Spontaneous 
3 = Opens in response to voice
2 = Opens in response to painful stimuli
1 = Does not open 
Verbal response
5 = Oriented
4 = Confused
3 = Words
2 = Sounds
1 = No sounds
Motor response
6 = Obeys commands
5 = Localizes pain
4 = Withdraws to painful stimuli
3 = Abnormal flexion
2 = Extension
1 = No movements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 10 components of AMTS

A 
DOB
Age
Time
Year
Place
Recall (West Register Street)
Recognize doctor + nurse
PM/ Monarch
Date of 2nd WW
Count backwards from 20 to 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 3 signs of meningitis

A

Fever
Neck stiffness
Kernig’s sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give 4 signs of a migraine

A

Throbbing headache
Vomiting
Photo/ phonophobia
Aura

17
Q

What indicates SAH? What should yo do?

A

Sudden onset headache
CT
LP (xanthochromia)

18
Q

What makes you suspect GCA as cause of headache? What measurement may be found? What should you do?

A

> 50s
High ESR
Urgent steroids e.g. prednisolone
Biopsy

19
Q

How do you manage a patient presenting with stroke within 4.5 hours of onset?

A

CT

If no haemorrhage- Thrombolysis

20
Q

How do you manage a patient presenting with stroke after 4.5 hours of onset?

A 
CT head (exclude haemorrhage)
Aspirin (300mg, swallow assessment)
Maintain hydration, oxygenation
21
Q

How do you manage a patient presenting with TIA?

A 
Aspirin
Don't treat BP acutely (unless >220/120)
ECG
Echo
Carotid doppler
Risk factor modification
22
Q

In the context of reduced pinprick sensation what may Duloxetine be used to treat?

A

Peripheral neuropathy in diabetics

23
Q

What is Meralgia paraesthetica? What are the symptoms of this?

A

Compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Pain + parasthesia on anterolateral thigh

24
Q

How is Meralgia paraesthetica treated?

A

Reassure
Avoid tight garments
Lose weight
If persistent: Carbamazepine or Gabapentin

25
Q

List 5 risk factors for Meralgia paraesthetica

A 
Obesity
Pregnancy
Trauma
Diabetes
Long lies
26
Q

What symptom would arise from lumbosacral nerve root compression? What is this also known as?

A

Pain in the buttock radiating down the leg to below the knee

Sciatica

27
Q

Give 2 causes of lumbosacral nerve root compression

A

Disc herniation

Spinal canal stenosis

28
Q

Give 6 differentials for confusion and decreased consciousness

A 
Hypoglycaemia
Vascular: bleed
Infection
Inflammation
Malignancy
Toxic/ Metabolic: Drugs, LFTs, Vit déficiences, Endocrinopathies
29
Q

What 4 differentials must be excluded for headache presentation in the ED?

A

Meningitis: Neck stiffness, Kernig’s
SAH: Sudden onset
GCA: High ESR, >50
Migraine: Throbbing, photophobia

30
Q

What could cause backache and LMN weakness, with indications for FVC monitoring and IVIG?

A

Guillain Barre Syndrome

YR3: MM FC Ed. (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions