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YR3: MM FC Ed. > Past Paper Pop Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Past Paper Pop Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Subclavian Steal syndrome?

A

Stenosis of subclavian artery proximal to origin of vertebral artery results in blood being “stolen” from the brain by retrograde flow down the vertebral artery + into the arm (usually when increased demand in arm)

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2
Q

List 3 causes of Subclavian steal syndrome

A

Cervical rib (compresses subclavian artery, less blood flows to brain)
Atherosclerosis
Takayasus arteritis

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3
Q

List 3 symptoms of subclavian steal syndrome

A

Syncope
Arm claudication
Vertigo

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4
Q

List 5 side effects of opioids

A 
Constipation (can lead to confusion)
Respiratory depression
Nausea 
Drowsiness
Pupillary constriction (MIOSIS)
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5
Q

What are the side effects of anti-muscarinic agents e.g. atropine?

A 
Hot as a hare (Hyperthermia)
Dry as a bone (Dry Skin)
Red as a beet (Flushed)
Blind as bat (Mydriasis)
Mad as a hatter (Delirium)
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6
Q

What class of drugs may cause a dry cough?

A

ACEi

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7
Q

What side effect may result from use of B2 adrenergic receptor agonists?

A

Tremor

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8
Q

What drugs may cause a rash in glandular fever?

A 
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Cephalosporins
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
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9
Q

What parameter defines severe hyponatraemia? What would this result in?

A

<120

Neuro symptoms: Seizures, Hallucinations, Confusion

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10
Q

What pathology produces the “sail sign” on CXR?

A

Left lower lobe collapse

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11
Q

What pathology produces the “golden S sign” on CXR?

A

Right upper lobe collapse

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12
Q

What is the immediate management approach for those with bowel obstruction?

A

Drip + suck

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13
Q

Where is the pathology in PBC? What antibody is associated with this?

A

Intrahepatic biliary ducts

Anti MITOCHONDRIAL antibody

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14
Q

Where is the pathology in PSC? What antibody is associated with this?

A

Intrahepatic + extrahepatic biliary ducts

pANCA

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15
Q

What skin manifestation arises in coeliac disease?

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Symmetrical blistering, papulovesicular rash

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16
Q

What 3 antibodies may be present in coeliac disease?

A

Anti-TTG
Anti-endomysial
Anti-gliadin

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17
Q

What is the classic histological description of bowel affected by coeliac disease?

A

Subtotal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia

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18
Q

What is found on CXR in heart failure?

A 
Alveolar oedema
kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly 
upper lobe Diversion
pleural Effusion
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19
Q

List 3 causes of air bronchograms

A

Pus in pneumonia
Fluid in pulmonary oedema
Fibrosed tissue in interstitial lung disease

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20
Q

What may be seen on blood film in multiple myeloma?

A

Rouleaux

Form due to high conc. plasma proteins (immunoglobulins) + lead to high ESR

21
Q

In which disease would you find Granulocytes with absent granulation and hyposegmented nuclei?

A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

22
Q

What would you find on a blood film in myelofibrosis?

A

Dacrocytes are teardrop-shaped cells

23
Q

What is the best test to establish a diagnosis of TB?

A

Sputum sample for acid fast bacilli with Ziehl-Neelsen stain

24
Q

What test determines exposure to TB?

A

Mantoux test (does not distinguish active + latent)

25
Q

What is the most common type of urinary tract stone?

A

Calcium oxalate

26
Q

What is the most appropriate

investigation to order when suspecting pancreatitis due to raised amylase?

A

Transabdominal ultrasound

27
Q

What causes the Cushings reflex?

A

Raised ICP

28
Q

What is the Cushings reflex?

A

High BP
Bradycardia
Irregular breathing

29
Q

What is Beck’s triad seen in?

A

Cardiac tamponade

30
Q

What is Beck’s triad?

A

Raised JVP
Muffled heart sounds
Low BP

31
Q

What investigation is diagnostic of malaria?

A

Thick + thin blood smear

32
Q

What would you give to a haemodynamically stable patient in VT?

A

IV Amiodarone

33
Q

What cardiovascular pathology is treated with Adenosine?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

34
Q

What scrotal mass feels like “a bag of worms”?

A

Varicocele

35
Q

List the most common causes of onycholysis

A 
DR PITHS
Drugs: Tetracyclines, OCP, diabetes drugs
Reactive arthritis
Psoriasis
Infection esp. fungal
Trauma
Hyper + Hypothyroidism
Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma
36
Q

What is Wernicke’s dysphasia?

A

Inability to understand language

Speak fluent nonsensical speech

37
Q

What is Broca’s dysphasia?

A

Inability to produce fluent speech

Intact understanding of language

38
Q

What must you remember about an extreme hyperkalaemia with a normal ECG?

A

Poor blood taking technique leads to red cell lysis, releasing intracellular K+

39
Q

What are the B symptoms of lymphoma ?

A

Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss

40
Q

What are the different results on thyroid uptake scan caused by?

A

Diffuse uptake= Graves
Multinodular gland + single hot nodule= Toxic multi nodular goitre
Diffuse uptake + single cold nodule = Thyroid cancer
No uptake = Viral thyroiditis (de Quervains)

41
Q

LIst 3 causes of pulmonary fibrosis

A

Exposure to toxins e.g. Asbestos
Systemic inflammatory conditions e.g. RA
Drugs e.g. Methotrexate

42
Q

What should a patient presenting with acute neurological symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours be given?

A

300mg Aspirin

43
Q

What is the triad of symptoms seen in Henoch-Schonlein purpura?

A 
Arthritis
Abdominal pain
Purpurin rash (usually Buttocks + lower legs)
44
Q

What other organ is often involved in HSP, and what symptoms does this cause?

A 
Kidney
Haematuria
Proteinuria
HTN
Oedema
45
Q

What causes a raised JVP with absent pulsation?

A

Superoir vena cava obstruction

46
Q

What is and what causes Kussmaul sign?

A

Paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration

Conditions that impair ventricular filling e.g. constrictive pericarditis

47
Q

What causes a slow Y descent in JVP?

A

Tricuspid stenosis

48
Q

What causes large V waves in the JVP?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

Ventricular contraction causes blood to surge through incompetent valve through RA to JV

YR3: MM FC Ed. (46 decks)

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