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Nutrition 2020 > Past A - part 3 > Flashcards

Past A - part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why are the growth promoters such as CuSO4 not always successful?

A

Due to genetic environment interaction

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2
Q

How can the bacteria in the rumen be influenced?

A

Via temperature, pH, and antibiotics

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3
Q

What is PER (Protein Efficacy Ratio)?

A

Weight gain per weight of protein eaten PER = Weight gain / Crude Protein intake

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4
Q

Buffer capacity?

A

Amino acids have a buffer capacity due to their amphoteric nature

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5
Q

What does protein overdose damage?

A

Change of uteral fluid (pH, composition) Causes a possible delay of conception in cattle

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6
Q

The new protein calculating system (protein digestibility system) pays attention to:

A

Protein degraded in the rumen which are metabolized into microbial protein
(in addition to the Bypass/UDP protein)

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7
Q

RQ?

A

Respiratory Quotient. Used in calculations of the basal metabolic rate. For carbohydrates it is 1, fats 0.7, protein 0.8-0.9
CO2 eliminated / CO2 consumed

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8
Q

In Hungary, protein requirement is given in DCP (Digestible Crude Protein) for which animals?

A

Horse, Pig, Rabbit

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9
Q

What is the rumen buffer?

A

Mostly NaHCO3 also MgO

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10
Q

What does eubiosis mean?

A

Gut flora is in equilibrium - main flora is >90% of total flora

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11
Q

What do you have to use when calculating DE?

A

Feed intake
Gross energy of feed intake
Faecal output
Gross energy of faecal output

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12
Q

What is INQ?

A

Index of Nutritional Quality-Nutrient allowance / Energy allowance related to the requirements

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13
Q

What is the term for by-pass proteins used in calculations?

A

UDP Un-Digested Proteins

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14
Q

How much an animal will eat is regulated by:

A

Short term control (Homeostatic control) and Long term control (Homeorhetic control)

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15
Q

Heat treatment – Ammonia = ?

A

Ammonia is liberated, along with H2S, from the decomposition of Cys and Ser

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16
Q

Time of the first fertile ovulation is mainly determined by:

A

Growth and body composition

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17
Q

What is the Kellner System?

A

Starch Equivalent Unit, Net system for body fat production, Fat producing power of pure nutrients relative to the fat producing power of starch (248g fat / 1kg fat)

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18
Q

Computerized feed calculations also give:

A

Which feedstuff should be combined

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19
Q

What information should be given in case of computerized feed calculation?

A

Name of feedstuff, combination, requirement, minimum and maximum values

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20
Q

What are depository (storage) fungae?

A

Storage Fungi - Aspergillus, Penicillum, Mucor, Fusarium

Field Fungi - fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Stachybotritis, Ergosterum

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21
Q

What does Energy Density mean?

A

Energy Density - the amount of net energy in a feedstuff related to its food unit

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22
Q

Expression of energy requirements of Beef Cattle:

A

NEM and NEg

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23
Q

What is caused by reactions of proteins?

A

NH3

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24
Q

Liberation of NH3 during processes of feed shows that there are:

A

Reactions between protein molecules

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25
Q

What is IgY?

A

An antibody in egg yolk with an activity similar to IgA. Protects the mucous membrane in newborns

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26
Q

Formula for corrected DE?

A

DE*(1 - 2DF)

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27
Q

ME = ?

A

ME = DE – gaseous and urinary loss

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28
Q

What is the pH of the rumen?

A

6.2 – 6.8

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29
Q

For nutrition in ruminants, we divide the energy into 3 groups. What are they?

A

NEm NEl NEg

30
Q

What is the meaning of PER?

A

Protein Efficiency Requirement ! weight gain of a test subject divided by its intake of a particular food protein during the test period

31
Q

In Hungary, protein requirement is given in CP for which animals?

A

CP - Birds

CP or DCP-Dogs, Cats

32
Q

How is MP value calculated?

A

MP = MPE + MPN

33
Q

When do we need zero N retention?

A

Adult bird - N intake = N output - 0 N retention Young/Growing bird- N intake > N output - + N balance

34
Q

Is N positive or negative in young animals?

A

Positive

Adult bird - N intake = N output- 0 N retention Young/Growing bird - N intake > N output-+ N balance

35
Q

What are pro-biotics made of?

A

Bacteria (mostly Lactobacilli), Fungi (yeast culutres)

36
Q

What are repartitioning compounds?

A

β2-agonists- Increase proteins, decrease fat

37
Q

What does Energy Density express?

A

How much energy there is in a feedstuff, related to its food unit.

38
Q

What mechanisms are responsible for short-term regulation of body composition?

A

The short-term regulation of feed intake (qualitative) is Homeostatic. Is controlled by chemical factors such as blood glucose, feed, temperature, and physical factors such as stomach capacity and food bulkiness.

39
Q

What is NSP?

A

Non-Starch Polysaccharides - e.g. Peas, beans. Roughage, dietary fibre.
Fermented in the caecum with gas productions

40
Q

How would you determine Nutrient Digestibility by a total collection method?

A

Amount of feed intake during a 24-hour period + Collection of faeces
(Intake – Output) / Intake

41
Q

Organic matter = ?

A

DM – Ash

42
Q

Name an indicator in faeces:

A

Mn, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, Lignin (indigestible substances)

43
Q

What is the combustion energy of uric acid?

A

34.4 KJ/g

44
Q

What can one calculate with the content of urine?

A 
ME = GE – Faecal – Urine – Gas
NE = GE – Faecal – Urine – Gas – Heat loss
45
Q

Why is it forbidden to use STH as a growth factor?

A

Long-term fat mobilization

46
Q

What is the buffer capacity in milk, egg shell, and bone?

A

Egg shell and bone have the same buffer capacity. Milk has none.

47
Q

What is disbisois?

A

Disbiosis-A condition where the typical distribution of microbes in the body is disturbed- Microbial imbalance

48
Q

How can energy metabolism be measured?

A 
Direct calorimeter (bio-calorimeter)
Indirect calorimeter
49
Q

What is the acid number?

A

Acid Number - The mass of KOH (in mg) required to neutralize 1g of chemical substance. It is a measure of rancidity of fat.

50
Q

What is the peroxide value?

A

Peroxide Value - Of an oil or fat. Measure of fat rancidity

It is the amount of peroxide oxygen per 1kg of fat. The peroxide can be titrated with Na- thiosulfate.

51
Q

With which method do you measure body composition and water compartments?

A

Dilution method

52
Q

What is meant by water vegetation?

A

Water Vegetation-The amount of water in food

53
Q

How can you measure CF?

A

Boil sample in H2SO4, neutralize with distilled water, boil again in NaOH, filter, wash, dry, and measure CF
Hence acid AND base used!

54
Q

Which of the following statements regarding aging is true?

A

Aging is associated with increased susceptibility and decreased capacity to resist or repair injury

55
Q

In the short term, weighing patients frequently is most useful in evaluating the status of:

A

Water

56
Q

The protein requirements of old dogs:

A

Must be individualized

57
Q

Tables created according to the New Protein Evaluation System for Ruminants express the protein content of the feeds in the form of:

A.MPN
B.MPE
C.Both
D.none

A

Both of them

MPN, MPE

58
Q

The optimum Nitrogen : Sulfur ratio in Dairy Cow diets is:

A

10:1

59
Q

They are storage Fungi:

A

Aspergillus genus

60
Q

Body Condition Score (BCS) is:

A

An estimation of the fat cover of the body and an indicator of body energy reserves or the lack of them

61
Q

The Energy Density expresses how many:

A

Net Energy is in the feedstuff related to 1 Fulfillment Unit (NE/UE)

62
Q

It is chemically determined according to its nitrogen content:

A

Crude protein

63
Q

They belong to the group of neutroceuticals:

A

Organic acids

64
Q

Ration of Beef Cattle can be supplemented by urea when:

A

Both of them (A+B)

The UFP is positive. The rumen protein balance is negative.

65
Q

PSE muscle by VESD in living animal is present in:

A

Growing-Fattening pig

66
Q

Put in increasing order according to the energy level of cat’s, dog’s and cow’s milk:

A

Cow, Cat, Dog

67
Q

The maintenance energy requirement of dog could be calculated by using the:

A

Metabolic Body Weight (W 0.75)

68
Q

The acidification of the cat’s urine helps to prevent the formation of:

A

Struvite stone

69
Q

Forced and quick weight reduction program in obese cats may cause:

A

Hepatic hyper-lipidosis

70
Q

When using the method of direct calorimetry, this parameter will also be measured:

A

Neither of them

Neither O2 consumption nor CO2 production

71
Q

For determination of Digestible Energy by experimental way, we calculate with the:

A

Gross energy content of the feed and that of the faeces

72
Q

The most important factor influencing the onset of the first fertile oestrus in Dairy Heifers:

A

Energy

Nutrition 2020 (11 decks)

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