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Linglis OOW Oral prep study, HIGH RISK questions > Passage Planning > Flashcards

Passage Planning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the objective of a passage plan?

A

To determine the safest and most economical route for a voyage, from Berth to Berth

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2
Q

According to Regulation 34 of SOLAS chapter V, What is considered in a passage plan?

A

The plan shall identify a route which:
1. Takes into account any relevant ships routeing systems

  1. Ensures sufficient sea room for the safe passage of the ship throughout the voyage
  2. Anticipates all known navigational hazards and adverse weather systems
  3. Takes into account Marine environmental protection measures that apply, and avoids, so far as possible, actions that cause harm to the environment
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3
Q

What is the Appraisal stage?

A

Collecting and assessing all relevant information required for the intended passage

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4
Q

What is the Planning stage?

A

Developing and approving a passage plan based on the outcome of the appraisal of all relevant information

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5
Q

What is the Execution stage?

A

Briefing the Bridge team on the passage plan. Navigating the ship in accordance with the passage plan

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6
Q

What is the Monitoring stage?

A

Checking the progress of the ship against the passage plan

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7
Q

Four sections of the appraisal stage

A

Navigation
General/Operational
Environmental
Contingency

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8
Q

Appraisal stage: Overview of the voyage (navigational/Operational)

A
  1. Begin by asking for the Masters instructions on this voyage/previous experience/Previous passage plans
  2. Berthing requirements/contingency plans or anchorages
  3. MSO’s
    Company Standing Orders
  4. Relevant and updated charts/publications
    Relevant MSNs, MGNs, and MINs
  5. Notice to Mariners
  6. Ships Routeing Guide/Weather routeing
  7. Mariners routeing charts
  8. Mariners Handbook
  9. Port entry requirements
  10. Security and anti piracy measures
  11. Operating and maintenance instructions for bridge navigational aids
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9
Q

Appraisal stage: Environmental

Collecting and assessing all relevant information required for the intended passage

A

Emission Control Areas

MARPOL special areas

Garbage disposal

Port reception facilities

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10
Q

Appraisal stage: Coastal Passage/Pilotage

Collecting and assessing all relevant information required for the intended passage

A

Admiralty Sailing Directions

Admiralty List of Lights and fog signals

Admiralty Tide Tables

Tidal stream atlases

Guide to Port Entry

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11
Q

Appraisal stage: Ocean Phase

Collecting and assessing all relevant information required for the intended passage

A

Ocean Passages for the World

Gnomic Charts/Mercator projections

Navigational Tables

Nautical Almanac

Load Line Charts

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12
Q

Appraisal stage: Emergency Planning

Collecting and assessing all relevant information required for the intended passage

A

IAMSAR Vol 3

Ship contingency plans (SMS)

International Code of Signals

Annual Summary of Notice to Mariners

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13
Q

Planning stage: Pilotage

Developing and approving a passage plan based on the outcome of the appraisal of all relevant information

A

Turn radius for each course alteration

Wheel over positions for each course alteration

Commit point

Pilot requirements on board

reporting requirements

Local rules and conditions

Routes and channel information

Berth details, tugs, anchorages

Contingency planning

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14
Q

Planning stage: Coastal Phase

Developing and approving a passage plan based on the outcome of the appraisal of all relevant information

A

Clearing bearings/ ranges based on charted features

Conspicuous charted features for position fixing

No-go areas

Routeing and reporting requirements

Parallel Indicies

XT Distances required

Reliability of Source data and CATZOC

Reliability of machinery and steering gear

Safe water (allowing for HOT, UKC and Squat)

Tidal height and stream information

Decision points for critical manoeuvres

Contingency plans, including anchorages

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15
Q

Planning: Ocean Phase

Developing and approving a passage plan based on the outcome of the appraisal of all relevant information

A

Anticipated Waypoint arrival times

Cross track distances

Identification of Navigational hazards

Leg distances

Planned track with true course and compass/gyro

Safety depths and contours

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16
Q

The following Considerations may influence the selection of an ocean route:

A

Ocean currents and their impact on ship speed/fuel consumption

Weather conditions including anticipated seasonal variations (TRS, ice, reduced visibility)

Environmental protection measures and associated requirements that may extend into an ocean route

landfall targets need to be identified and the expected radar and visual ranges considered

17
Q

How do we determine safe water?

A

Ship conditions, draft and overall performance

Effects of ocean stream, tidal currents and tide itself

Under Keel Clearance

Distance off from shallow waters, obstacles etc

18
Q

How de we determine UKC?

A

Allowance for squat and certain speeds

Heeling conditions

Reliability of source data

Predicted tides at time of, including tidal window

Areas of mobile bottom (sand, silt)

Changes to water density on passage (change to draft)

Accuracy of actual draft

Reliability of echo sounder

Manoeuvrability of the vessel

Ability to fix position

Ability to use PI’s

Reduced depths over pipelines and other obstructions

19
Q

What is parallel indexing?

A

A means of continuously monitoring the cross track tendencies of a vessel whilst navigating, in relation to the passage plan. Should be practiced in clear weather during straightforward passages.

20
Q

How often do we fix our position?

A

Should be such that the ship is kept free from danger between fixes, and if deviation occurs, action can be taken to guarantee safety of the ship

Depends on distance of navigational hazards, and the time to run before the next fix. This is heavily influenced by the safe speed decided in prior. (Rule 6 to be taken into account)

21
Q

Execution Stage:

Briefing the Bridge team on the passage plan. Navigating the ship in accordance with the passage plan

A

Once the Master has decided on an ETD, final calculations can be made:

Weather routing for the intended days of passage

Tidal heights and streams for critical points of passage

ETA at waypoints legs calculated, posting of additional lookouts where necessary

Traffic conditions/proximity to nav hazards

Any Amendments are to be brought to the Masters attention, and he must re-sign off on the amended passage

22
Q

What does a passage plan briefing entail?

A

Addresses key factors identified in the checklist:

Watch rotor
Critical points of plan

Dangers outlined in risk assessment

Weather factors

Detailed description of plan, with all members signing off having understood the briefing

23
Q

Monitoring stage, Three P’s of Maintaining a safe navigational watch: People

A

Fully licensed OOW at all times

Fit for duty

Additional personnel in heavy weather

Additional lookout in hours of darkness

Maritime English

24
Q

Monitoring stage, Three P’s of Maintaining a safe navigational watch: Procedures

A

Maintain a proper lookout

Conduct Proper Handovers

Fixing of position, cross checking

Monitoring Bridge equipment

Monitoring of running gear and Steering gear

Monitoring AtoNs/XTE

Monitoring Weather, sea state and visibility

Following IRPCS, reference to Rule 5, 6, 7, 8

Listening watch on GMDSS equipment

Ensure compliance with MARPOL

Internal Lookout

Display the correct Lights and Shapes

Safety and Fire rounds

Safety of passengers

25
Q

Monitoring stage, Three P’s of Maintaining a safe navigational watch: Publications

A

Bridge log, comprehensive recording of ongoing events during your watch

GMDSS log

Compass error log

Garbage log

Fuel record Book

Any relevant ISM checks

26
Q

Examples of monitoring techniques:

A

Bearings of charted objects

Heading transits

Clearing bearings

Beam bearings/transits

Radar range and bearing

PI’s

27
Q

Which MGN Replaced Safety of Navigation, and Implements SOLAS chapter V?

A

MGN 610

28
Q

Which book has a glossary of navigational terms?
(we go here if we don’t know the meaning of a word!)

A

NP100

29
Q

Which MGN speaks to keeping a safe navigational watch on merchant vessels?

A

MGN 315

30
Q

There are circumstances that may require an amendment to the passage plan during the monitoring stage, these may be:

A

Change in weather routeing instructions

Change in weather conditions

Change in ships orders/destination port

SAR response

Advice/Info from VTS

Navigational warnings

Detected hazards on the planned route

31
Q

Benefit of a Great Circle Route
Disadvantage of a Great Circle Route

A

Shortest distance between two points

Takes vessels high into high latitudes, therefore experiencing worse weather and swell/possible Ice limits

32
Q

Benefit of a Rhumb Line

A

Straight line to follow, Cuts all meridians at the same angle

Linglis OOW Oral prep study, HIGH RISK questions (39 decks)

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