PASS Socioeconmic Explanations

Question 1

Black report explanation for health inequalities

Answer 1

Artefacts
Social selection
Behavioural cultural explanation
Materialist

Question 2

Artefacts

Answer 2

Health inequalities are evident due to how stats are collected
Most discredited

Question 3

Social selection

Answer 3

Direction of causation is from health to social position
Minor contribution
Health people move up, ill people move down

Question 4

Behavioural-cultural explanation

Answer 4

Ill health is due to peoples choices, knowledge, and goals

Question 5

Materialist

Answer 5

Inequalities in health arise from differential access to material resources
Lack of choice in exposure to hazards + adverse conditions - don’t have money to sort
Most plausible

Question 6

Psychosocial explanation

Answer 6

Psychosocial pathways act in addition to direct effects of absolute material living standards
Mental factors impact a well as material factors

Question 7

Income distribution/Wilkinson’s theory

Answer 7

Relative income affects wealth
Increased income inequalities increases stress and reduces health.

Question 8

Theories and evidence for deprivation and access

Answer 8

1. Deprived patients manage health in a series of crises
2. Ill health is normalised
3. Tend to use more porous services
4. There’s a lack of cultural alignment between health services and lower socioeconomic status
5. Difficulties in managing resources needed for negotiation with health resources

Question 9

What are the patterns of socioeconomic inequalities?

Answer 9

Deprivation is strong linked with ill health
Most deprived people have:
- the poorest health
- worse life expectancy
- less likely to have disability free life expectancy

Question 10

What is the mostly discredited explanation for health inequalities?

Answer 10

Artefacts
- health inequalities arise due to how stats are collected

Question 11

What is the most plausible explanation for health inequalities?

Answer 11

Materialist
- inequalities arise from differential access of medial resources
- lack choice in exposure to hazards and adverse conditions

Question 12

Explanations of health inequalities in the black report

Answer 12

Artefacts
Social selection
Behaviour-cultural explanation
Materialist

Question 13

Explanation for health inequalities not in black report

Answer 13

Psychosocial explanations
Income distribution (Wilkinson’s theory)

Question 14

Why is measuring access to healthcare difficult?

Answer 14

Doesn’t capture people who don’t know how to/ cant access health services

Question 15

More deprived groups have:
Higher use of ____ + ____
Under use of ____ + ____

Answer 15

More deprived groups have:
Higher use of GPs + A&E
Under use of preventative + specialist services

Question 16

What explanation for health inequalities involves the way sats are collected?

Answer 16

Artefacts

Question 17

What explanation for health inequalities involves direct causation from health to social position?

Ill health influences social position, not other way round

Answer 17

Social selection

Question 18

What explanation for health inequalities involves people’s choices, knowledge and goals?

Answer 18

Behavioural-cultural

Question 19

What explanation for health inequalities says that disadvantaged patients are more likely to engage in health damaging behaviours?

Answer 19

Behavioural-cultural
Ill health is due to people’s choices, knowledge + goals

Question 20

What explanation for health inequalities involves differential access to material resources?

Answer 20

Materialist

Question 21

What explanation for health inequalities involves income inequalities?

Answer 21

Income distribution (Wilkinson’s theory)

Question 22

What explanation for health inequalities involves stressors and social gradient?

Answer 22

Psychosocial explanation