PASS Lay Beliefs And Long Term Conditions Flashcards
What are lay beliefs?
How with no special knowledge people understand and make sense of health and illness
What are the perceptions of health?
Negative definition
Functional definition
Positive definition
What is the negative definition of health?
Health = absence of illness
What is the functional definition of health?
Health = ability to do certain things
What is the positive definition of health?
Health is a state of wellbeing + fitness
The negative definition of health is common in what group?
Lower socioeconomic
The functional definition of health is common in what group?
Older people
The positive definition of health is common in what group?
Higher socioeconomic
What definition of health is common in older people?
Functional
What definition of health is common in lower socioeconomic groups?
Negative
What definition of health is common in higher socioeconomic groups?
Positive
What is illness behaviour?
Activity of an ill person to define illness and seek help
What is sick role behaviour?
Seeking formal health + action of patient
What is health behaviour?
Activity to maintain health + prevent illness
What is an example of health behaviour?
Higher socioeconomic groups norms to act to improve long term where as lower SE groups tend to choose short term relief
e.g. smoking
Higher SE - quit for long term benefit
Lower SE - smoke for short term relief
What influences illness behaviour?
Culture
Visibility of symptoms
Extent to which symptoms impact life
Tolerance threshold
Frequency + persistence of symptoms
Information + understanding
Availability of resources
Lay referral
How does information and understanding influence illness behaviour?
Does the patient have knowledge of the seriousness of their symptoms
How does availability of resources influence illness behaviour?
Transport
Time off work
Registered to GP
Low SE have less availability due to this
What is lay referral?
Patients speaking to other before seeking formal help from healthcare professionals
What does lay referral help us to understand?
Why people delay seeking help
How, why + when people consult a doctor
Use of health services
Use of alternative medications
What is illness work?
The period leading up to getting the diagnosis/ dealing with physical manifestations of illness
What are the sociological theories of long term conditions?
Illness work
Everyday life work
Emotional work
Biographical work
Identity work
What is everyday life work?
Action and process involved in managing the condition and its impact
Managing daily life
What is normalisation?
Trying to keep pre-illness lifestyle intact or redesign new life as a ‘normal life’
What theory of long term conditions relates to normalisation?
Everyday life work
What is coping and strategic management?
Coping - dealing with illness
Strategy - actions + processes involved in managing condition + impacts
What is emotional work?
Managing one’s emotions and others
‘Presenting as cheery self’
What is biographical work?
Reconstruction of biography
Link to feeling of ‘loss of self’
What is identity work?
The idea of maintaining an acceptable identity
Not letting illness become a defining aspect of identity
What are the types of stigma?
Discreditable + discredited
Enacted + felt
What is discreditable stigma?
Example
Non visible but if found out people may treat you differently
e.g. depression, HIV
What is discredited stigma?
Example
Physical visible characteristic
e.g. physical disability
What is enacted stigma?
Real experience of discrimination/prejudice
What is felt stigma?
Fear of enacted stigma
Describe the 2 features of lay epidemiology
- why and how illness happens
- why it happened to a particular person at a a particular time
Name the 5 different types of work involved for patients managing long term health conditions
Emotional
Illness
Everyday life
Biographical
Identity
