PASS Lay Beliefs And Long Term Conditions

Question 1

What are lay beliefs?

Answer 1

How with no special knowledge people understand and make sense of health and illness

Question 2

What are the perceptions of health?

Answer 2

Negative definition
Functional definition
Positive definition

Question 3

What is the negative definition of health?

Answer 3

Health = absence of illness

Question 4

What is the functional definition of health?

Answer 4

Health = ability to do certain things

Question 5

What is the positive definition of health?

Answer 5

Health is a state of wellbeing + fitness

Question 6

The negative definition of health is common in what group?

Answer 6

Lower socioeconomic

Question 7

The functional definition of health is common in what group?

Answer 7

Older people

Question 8

The positive definition of health is common in what group?

Answer 8

Higher socioeconomic

Question 9

What definition of health is common in older people?

Answer 9

Functional

Question 10

What definition of health is common in lower socioeconomic groups?

Answer 10

Negative

Question 11

What definition of health is common in higher socioeconomic groups?

Answer 11

Positive

Question 12

What is illness behaviour?

Answer 12

Activity of an ill person to define illness and seek help

Question 13

What is sick role behaviour?

Answer 13

Seeking formal health + action of patient

Question 14

What is health behaviour?

Answer 14

Activity to maintain health + prevent illness

Question 15

What is an example of health behaviour?

Answer 15

Higher socioeconomic groups norms to act to improve long term where as lower SE groups tend to choose short term relief

e.g. smoking
Higher SE - quit for long term benefit
Lower SE - smoke for short term relief

Question 16

What influences illness behaviour?

Answer 16

Culture
Visibility of symptoms
Extent to which symptoms impact life
Tolerance threshold
Frequency + persistence of symptoms
Information + understanding
Availability of resources
Lay referral

Question 17

How does information and understanding influence illness behaviour?

Answer 17

Does the patient have knowledge of the seriousness of their symptoms

Question 18

How does availability of resources influence illness behaviour?

Answer 18

Transport
Time off work
Registered to GP

Low SE have less availability due to this

Question 19

What is lay referral?

Answer 19

Patients speaking to other before seeking formal help from healthcare professionals

Question 20

What does lay referral help us to understand?

Answer 20

Why people delay seeking help
How, why + when people consult a doctor
Use of health services
Use of alternative medications

Question 21

What is illness work?

Answer 21

The period leading up to getting the diagnosis/ dealing with physical manifestations of illness

Question 22

What are the sociological theories of long term conditions?

Answer 22

Illness work
Everyday life work
Emotional work
Biographical work
Identity work

Question 23

What is everyday life work?

Answer 23

Action and process involved in managing the condition and its impact
Managing daily life

Question 24

What is normalisation?

Answer 24

Trying to keep pre-illness lifestyle intact or redesign new life as a ‘normal life’

Question 25

What theory of long term conditions relates to normalisation?

Answer 25

Everyday life work

Question 26

What is coping and strategic management?

Answer 26

**Coping** - dealing with illness **Strategy** - actions + processes involved in managing condition + impacts

Question 27

What is emotional work?

Answer 27

Managing one’s emotions and others ‘Presenting as cheery self’

Question 28

What is biographical work?

Answer 28

Reconstruction of biography Link to feeling of ‘loss of self’

Question 29

What is identity work?

Answer 29

The idea of maintaining an acceptable identity Not letting illness become a defining aspect of identity

Question 30

What are the types of stigma?

Answer 30

Discreditable + discredited Enacted + felt

Question 31

What is discreditable stigma? Example

Answer 31

Non visible but if found out people may treat you differently *e.g. depression, HIV*

Question 32

What is discredited stigma? Example

Answer 32

Physical visible characteristic *e.g. physical disability*

Question 33

What is enacted stigma?

Answer 33

Real experience of discrimination/prejudice

Question 34

What is felt stigma?

Answer 34

Fear of enacted stigma

Question 35

Describe the 2 features of lay epidemiology

Answer 35

- why and how illness happens - why it happened to a particular person at a a particular time

Question 36

Name the 5 different types of work involved for patients managing long term health conditions

Answer 36

Emotional Illness Everyday life Biographical Identity