parts of a cell / cell biology Flashcards
cytoplasm
where chemical reactions happen
nucleus
contains genetic material
controls cells activities
cell membrane
controls movement of substances in and out of cell
mitochondria
where most energy is released in respiration
ribosomes
protein synthesis
chloroplast
chlorophyll absorbs light for photosynthesis
cell wall
made from cellulose
supports plant
vacuole
filled with cell sap to keep cell turgid
prokaryotic cells
no nucleas
example of prokaryotic cell
bacterial cell
eukaryotic cells
with nucleas
example of eukaryotic cell
animal
plant
fungi
how big are eukaryotic cells
5 μm – 100 μm
how big are prokaryotic cells
0.2 μm – 2.0 μm
where is dna in prokaryotic cells
plasmids
rings free in cytoplasm
how do eukaryotic cells divide
mitosis
how do prokaryotic cells divide
binary fission
adaptations of sperm cell
streamlined head
head contains enzymes so sperm can penetrate the egg
tail means sperm can swim
adaptations of nerve cell
covered in a fatty sheath which insulates the nerve cell and speeds up nerve impulses
why is it easier to view the cells using the low power objective lens first.
wider field of view
Give one reason why the objective lens should not be moved towards the stage.
to avoid damaging the lens or the slide
why do root hair cells not have chloroplasts
underground
no need to absorb sunlight
how to avoid contamination w/ agar gel plate
inoculating loops to be passed through
flame
solutions and agar must be boiled
lid of the petri dish should be taped down and stored upside down
