Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

What is evolution?

A

Gradual change in inherited characteristics of a population over time

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2
Q

How does evolution occur?

A

Natural selection

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3
Q

What is Darwin’s theory?

A

Evolution by natural selection

All living species evolved from a common ancestor first developed more than three billion years ago

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4
Q

Why was Darwin’s theory eventually accepted?

A

They begun to challenge the idea that God made all of Earth’s animals and plants

At the time there was insufficient evidence however since then more evidence has been found

Mechanisms of inheritance and variations were not known at the time

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5
Q

What was Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’s theory?

A

That changes that occur during a lifetime can be passed on to offspring

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6
Q

What evidence do we have of evolution?

A

Fossil record

Evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria

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7
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Organism’s within a species show a wide range of variation in phenotype

Individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive

These traits are then passed on to the offspring

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8
Q

What is speciation?

A

Speciation is the gradual formation of a new species as a result of evolution

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9
Q

What is the process of speciation?

A

1. Two populations of one species are isolated
2. Natural selection occurs so that the better-adapted individuals reproduce and pass on new traits
3. Populations have an increasing number of genetic mutations as they adapt to their environments
4. Eventually the 2 populations have adapted so much that they cannot breed to produce a fertile offspring

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10
Q

What factors contribute to extinction?

A

-New predators
-New diseases
-Increased competition for
resources
-Catastrophic events
-Changes to environment

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11
Q

Benefits of fossil record

A

Can tell scientists how individual species have evolved over time

Help us understand Earth’s history

To track movements of species or its ancestors across the world

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12
Q

Problems with fossil record

A

Many early organisms were soft bodied so they decayed before producing fossils

There are gaps in the fossil record as some have been destroyed by geological and human activity

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13
Q

When did Darwin publish his theory on Evolution?

A

1859

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14
Q

Who developed the system to classify living things in to groups?

A

Carl Linnaeus

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15
Q

CLASSIFCIATION OR LIVING ORGANISMS

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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16
Q

How can antibiotic resistance be lowered?

A

Doctors should only prescribe antibiotics when needed

Patients should complete their antibiotic course

Use of antibiotics in farming and agriculture should be restricted

17
Q

What did Mendel discover thorugh reeding experiments on plants?

A

Inheritance of characteristics is determined by units (genes) passed on unchanged to the offspring

18
Q

How might fossils be formed?

A

Parts of an organism do not decay because they are not in the correct conditions to decay

Traces of organisms are preserved

Parts of organism are replaced by minerals

19
Q

What is the binomial system?

A

Naming of organisms by their genus and species

20
Q

Why can bacteria evolve rapidly?

A

They reproduce at a fast rate

21
Q

How do antibiotics resistant strains of bacteria develop?

A

Mutations that allow the strain to survive and reproduce