gas exchange and cell transport Flashcards
organelle
specialised until within a cell
cell
basic building block for all organisms
tissue
group of cells working together to perform a shared function
organ
structure made of different tissues working together to perform specific functions
organ system
group of organs with related functions
as volume increases does SA increase at the same rate
no
how is effectiveness of gas exchange increased
thin walls
large surface area
moist
examples of things with high surface area (3)
alveoli, villi, leaves
where is short distance required for diffusion (3)
capillaries
membranes of cells
flattened shape of structures such as leaves
adaptations of alveoli
good blood supply
large surface area
moist
walls 1 cell thick
how is effective exchange maintained in alveoli
moving blood and ventilated surfaces mean that a steep concentration gradient can be maintained. This increases effective exchange.
human lungs provide exchange surface adapted for:
absorbing oxygen
transferring C02
what is the diameter of one alveoli
300 μm
bronchi
bronchi are the two major air tubes in the lungs.
capillary
Tiny blood vessels with walls one-cell thick where exchange of materials occurs.
diaphragm
A large sheet of muscle that separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity.
intercostal muscles
Sets of muscles between the ribs which raise and lower the rib cage
villi
Finger-like projections in the small intestine that provide a large surface area for the absorption of food.
diffusion definition
movement of particles from high to low concentration
osmosis definition
diffusion of water from dilute to concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane
active transport definition
movement of particles from low to high concentration
what does active transport require
energy
does diffusion require energy
no
passive process
does osmosis require energy
no
passive process
example of where osmosis takes place
absorb water from soil
root hair cell
example of where active transport takes place
absorb mineral ions from soil
root hair cells
example of where diffusion takes place
stomata
capillaries
villi
alveoli
factors that affect rate of diffusion (3)
difference in concentration
temperature
surface area
osmosis rpa
what’s the independent variable
sugar solution concentration
osmosis rpa
what is the control variable
surface area and volume of potato sample
time potato is in solution
