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Physics > Particle movement > Flashcards

Particle movement Flashcards

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1
Q

Particles in a solid

A

Very close together
Arranged in a regular pattern
Vibrate but don’t move

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2
Q

Particles in a liquid

A

Close together
Not arranged in a regular pattern
Can move around each other

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3
Q

Particles in a gas

A

Far apart
Not arranged in any pattern
Move very rapidly

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4
Q

Density

A

Tells us the mass for a given volume

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5
Q

High density

A

A high mass packed into a smaller volume
Eg a very heavy small thing like a brick

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6
Q

Low density

A

Lower mass packed into a higher volume
Eg a very light big thing like a tissue

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7
Q

Density equation

A

= mass(kg)
—————
Volume (m3)

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8
Q

Density unit

A

Kg/m3

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9
Q

What density do solids have?

A

A high density
Because they have lots of particles packed in its volume since they don’t move around

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10
Q

What density do liquids have?

A

Usually high
Because like solids they have particles close together in a volume

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11
Q

What density do gases have?

A

Low density
Because the particles are far apart = small mass for their volume

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12
Q

Polystyrene

A

A solid yet has a low density
Because it has an open structure with many air spaces

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13
Q

Why do all states have kinetic energy?

A

Because their particles are either moving or vibrating around each other = movement

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14
Q

Potential energy

A

The energy between particles as intermolecular forces or chemical bonds

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15
Q

Internal energy

A

The energy caused by both potential energy AND kinetic energy
Total energy stored inside particles of the system

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16
Q

How do we change state?

A

Increase its internal energy until it reaches its melting or boiling point = changed state

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17
Q

Melting

A

Solid to liquid
After increasing temperature
Increases internal energy

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18
Q

Boiling

A

Liquid to gas
After increasing temperature
Increases internal energy

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19
Q

Condensation

A

Gas to liquid
After decreasing temperature
Reduces internal energy

20
Q

Freezing

A

Liquid to solid
After decreasing temperature
Reduces internal energy

21
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid to gas
By increasing temperature

22
Q

What happens to mass when we change state?

A

DOESN’T CHANGE because conserved

23
Q

What type of change is changing state?

A

Physical so we can reverse it back to its original state

24
Q

If you change state by cooling how does it affect mass?

A

It doesn’t
The volume will decrease but the density is increased

25
Q

If you change the state by heating how does it affect mass?

A

It doesn’t

26
Q

On a heating graph what does the straight line represent?

A

The material is changing state
But not changing in temperature
Because the energy taken in is weakening/breaking the forces of attraction to change state

27
Q

When we change state do we change the temperature of the material?

A

No because the energy taken is is used to break/make forces of attraction

28
Q

Melting point

A

The temperature a substance melts at

29
Q

Boiling point

A

The temperature a substance boils at

30
Q

Cooling graph

A

Shows the temperature a substance follows as it decreases in temperature

31
Q

Specific latent heat

A

The amount of energy required to change state of 1kg of the substance with no change in temperature (because the temperature is used to break the bond)

32
Q

Specific latent heat of fusion

A

Energy required to change 1kg of substance to solid —> liquid with no change in temperature

33
Q

Specific latent heat of vaporisation

A

Energy required to change 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a vapour with no change in temperature

34
Q

Energy for a change of state

A

Mass(kg) x specific latent heat (J/kg)

35
Q

What is specific latent heat measured in?

A

J/kg

36
Q

When calculating specific latent heat what is the mass measured in?

A

Kg

37
Q

Pressure of a gas

A

Due to particles colliding with walls of the container

38
Q

Pressure of a gas

A

Due to particles colliding with walls of the container

39
Q

What increases the pressure of a gas?

A

Increase the number of collisions per second
Increase the energy of each collision

40
Q

How can we actively increase the pressure of a gas?

A

Increase the temperature

41
Q

How does increasing the temperature increase the pressure?

A

At low temperature particles have low kinetic energy
So fewer collisions per second as well as low energy collisions
But at high temperatures = particles have higher kinetic energy so more high energy collisions per second

42
Q

What is the force in a gas container like?

A

Acts at right angles to the container over its area

43
Q

What does increasing the volume do to the gas?

A

Decrease the pressure because the particles have to travel further before colliding with walls
So less collisions per second = lower pressure

44
Q

Relationship between pressure and volume of a gas

A

They are inversely proportional
Increasing volume = decrease pressure

45
Q

Gas pressure equation

A

pressure (Pa) x volume (m3) = constant
ONLY if temperature is constant

46
Q

Force applied on a container with a gas in it

A

We have done work, (transferring energy by a force)
So energy transferred to particles
Increases internal energy
Increases temperature of the gas

47
Q

Why do bicycle pumps increase in temperature?

A

Work applied to container
Gas particles have energy transferred to them
Increases their internal energy
Increases temperature

Physics (44 decks)

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