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Physics > Circuits > Flashcards

Circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

Current

A

Flow of electrons in a circuit, carries electrical energy to components

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2
Q

Current in series

A

Same at all points in circuit - not used up

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3
Q

Current in parallel

A

The current in branches adds up to the total leaving and returning to the cell.
The current splits down each branch

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4
Q

Potential difference

A

A measure of how much energy is transferred in different parts of the circuit
Basically the energy to push the current around

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5
Q

Potential difference in series

A

The total V in all components = the voltage in the cell

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6
Q

Potential difference in parallel

A

Total voltage in each branch is the same

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7
Q

Potential difference in a battery

A

All the cells added up together, if some are facing the wrong way they cancel it out.

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8
Q

Resistance

A

The opposition to the flow of current (slows it down)

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9
Q

Resistance in series

A

Increases as more components are added

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10
Q

Resistance in parallel

A

Decreases as more components are added, because there are more paths for the current to pass through.

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11
Q

Charge

A

The property of being charged
A current of 1 ampere = 1 coulomb of charge flowing per second

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12
Q

Charge, energy and voltage?

A

Energy transferred = Charge flow × Potential difference
E = Q x V
Evil Queen Vacuuming

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13
Q

How to find the charge flow?

A

Charge flow = current x time
Q = I x T
(Queen It’s Time)

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14
Q

Resistor

A

Adds resistance to the electrical circuit
less energy is transferred per current

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15
Q

If the resistance is kept constant, what happens to the current and potential difference?

A

They will increase proportionally as long as the temp is the same

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16
Q

Fuse

A

Made up of thin wire that melts if too much current goes through

17
Q

LDR

A

Light dependent resistor
Resistor affected by light hitting it

18
Q

LED

A

Light emitting diode
Produce light when a current flows through them in the forward direction

19
Q

Diode

A

Component that regulates potential difference
Resistance is high in one direction so current can only flow through the OTHER direction

20
Q

What way does the current flow in a circuit?

A

From the negative end to the positive

21
Q

When electrons return to the positive end what happens to the energy?

A

They have less energy than they did before they left the cell

22
Q

Conventional current

A

Incorrect idea scientists and the electrons went from positive end to negative end
We still draw arrows like this however

23
Q

Unit of current

A

Ampere (A)

24
Q

How to measure current?

A

Use an ammeter

25
Q

How is potential difference, charge and energy transferred linked?

A

1 volt means 1 joule of energy is transferred per coulomb of charge

26
Q

How to measure voltage?

A

Voltmeter

27
Q

Why are lamps dimmer when more lamps are connected in series?

A

Because voltage in series splits evenly so more added = less voltage for one lamp = less energy transferred to light energy

28
Q

Ohm’s law

A

The current and potential difference is directly proportional as long as certain conditions are kept the same

29
Q

Factors effecting ohms law?

A

These must be kept constant:
Resistance

30
Q

Current in an ohmic resistor

A

Directly proportional to voltage
Because resistance doesn’t change when current is in creased
(If the temp is constant)

31
Q

What must the ohmic resistor be for this law to work?

A

Temperature is kept constant

32
Q

Why does adding more components in series decrease the energy transfer for each one?

A

Because in series the voltage in the battery is equal to the total voltage of components
So adding more components means you’ll have to share the voltage between them
Thus less energy transferred to them per coulomb of charge

33
Q

Current and potential difference through a resistor

A

Directly proportional

34
Q

Thermistor

A

Resistance depends upon the temperature

35
Q

Variable resistor

A

Can change the resistance = not set

36
Q

What does the potential difference/ current graph look like for a variable resistor?

A

Directly proportional
Because of Ohm’s law that they will be kept constant

37
Q

What does the potential difference/ current graph look like for a Diode?

A

Almost 0 in negative values
Then becomes increasing after that like a curve
Because it has very high resistance in negative direction = no current

Physics (44 decks)

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