Participial Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Syntax of a relative Participle construction

കുട്ടി മുറിയിൽ വന്നു becomes …

What happens with the verb especially?

A

Verb gets shifted before the subject

മുറിയിൽ വന്ന കുട്ടി (the boy who came into the room)

Compare German: “Das in den Raum gekommene Kind”

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2
Q

How to form relative participles with present tense verbs

നോക്കുന്നു > …

A

change the present-tense verb suffix from -ഉന്നു to -ഉന്ന

നോക്കുന്നു > നോക്കുന്ന

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3
Q

How to form relative participles with past tense verbs

വാങ്ങി > … / പറിച്ചു > …

A
  • past-tense verb ends with -ഇ: add -യ
  • past-tense verb ends with -ഉ: replace with -അ

വാങ്ങി > വാങ്ങി / പറിച്ചു > പറിച്ച

In other words: Past Participles end with -അ

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4
Q

How to form relative participles with future-form verbs

A

Place the future verb before a noun

നടക്കും യന്ത്രം (walking machine)

Not commonly used form. Does not really have a future meaning, but rather a habitual meaning.

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5
Q

How to form negative participials

A

Add -ആത്ത to the verb root

അവൾ കാണാത്ത സിനിമ (the movie she didn’t see)

Generally has a past meaning but in some contexts, habitual meaning

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6
Q

Participial forms of ആണ് and ഉണ്ട്

രാമൻ മിടുക്കൻ ആണ് becomes …?

A

ആയ and ഉള്ള

മിരുക്കൻ ആയ രാമൻ (Raman, who is smart)

German: “Der klug seiende Raman”

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7
Q

Restrictions of ആയ

Why is ദേഷ്യം ആയ രാമൻ incorrect?

A

ആയ works with adjectives, but not with nouns

ദേഷ്യം is a noun and cannot go with ആയ

use adjectives: ദേഷ്യപ്പെട്ട രാമൻ (dēṣyappeṭṭa rāmaṉ)

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8
Q

How to use -ആയ as a suffix

മിടുക്കൻ + ആയ

A

Add to make one noun the modifier of another noun

മിടുക്കനായ വിദ്ധാർഥി (lit. “A brilliant-being student”)

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