Participants / Observations

Question 1

Target population meaning

Answer 1

A group/ individuals that a researcher is interested in studying.

Question 2

Sampling frames meaning

Answer 2

A population identified when it is unrealistic to study the whole target population

Question 3

Random sampling meaning

Answer 3

Where all participants have an equal chance of getting selected, by using a random system (names out of a hat / computer generator).

Question 4

Opportunity sampling meaning

Answer 4

Where participants are selected at the convenience/ availability of the researcher.

Question 5

Systematic sampling meaning

Answer 5

Where participants are put into a list, and the researcher picks every nth person.

Question 6

Stratified sampling meaning

Answer 6

Where participants are divided into subgroups, then chosen by a random system.

Question 7

Quota sampling meaning

Answer 7

Where participants are divided into subgroups, then chosen at the convenience of the researcher.

Question 8

Self-selected sampling meaning

Answer 8

Where participants volunteer to participate (can be through questionnaires).

Question 9

Snowball sampling meaning

Answer 9

Where a current participant recruits someone further to participate, creating a snowball effect.

Question 10

Observational sampling meaning

Answer 10

The collection of data about specific behaviours/ events within a specific time frames.

Question 11

Time sampling meaning

Answer 11

Where the researcher observes behaviour at specific time intervals.

Question 12

Event sampling meaning

Answer 12

Participants are observed, who records a specific behaviour each time it occurs, to create a total score.

Question 13

Opportunity sampling: positives

Answer 13

1. Easy by using first suitable participants
2. Less time
3. Easy to locate samples

Question 14

Opportunity sampling: negatives

Answer 14

1. Biased= sample drawn from small part of target population.

Question 15

Random sampling: positives

Answer 15

1. Unbiased= all members of target population have an equal chance of selection.

Question 16

Random sampling: negatives

Answer 16

1. Need a list of all target members
2. Contact all members
3. Can take a long time

Question 17

Snowball sampling: positives

Answer 17

1. Enable to locate groups of people who are difficult to access.

Question 18

Snowball sampling: negatives

Answer 18

1. Not good cross- section from population because it is friends of friends.

Question 19

Self- selected sampling: positives

Answer 19

1. Give access to variety of participants
2. Sampling more representative
3. Less bias

Question 20

Self-selected sampling: negatives

Answer 20

1. Biased= participants highly motivated to be helpful (volunteer bias).

Question 21

Stratified + quota sampling: positives

Answer 21

1. More representative
2. Proportional representation of subgroups.

Question 22

Stratified + quota sampling: negatives

Answer 22

1. Very time consuming
2. Select participating and contacting.

Question 23

Systematic sampling: positives

Answer 23

1. Unbiased= selected using an objective system.

Question 24

Systematic sampling: negatives

Answer 24

1. Not truly unbiased/ random unless using a random system
2. Every nth person= not random