Participants / Observations Flashcards
Target population meaning
A group/ individuals that a researcher is interested in studying.
Sampling frames meaning
A population identified when it is unrealistic to study the whole target population
Random sampling meaning
Where all participants have an equal chance of getting selected, by using a random system (names out of a hat / computer generator).
Opportunity sampling meaning
Where participants are selected at the convenience/ availability of the researcher.
Systematic sampling meaning
Where participants are put into a list, and the researcher picks every nth person.
Stratified sampling meaning
Where participants are divided into subgroups, then chosen by a random system.
Quota sampling meaning
Where participants are divided into subgroups, then chosen at the convenience of the researcher.
Self-selected sampling meaning
Where participants volunteer to participate (can be through questionnaires).
Snowball sampling meaning
Where a current participant recruits someone further to participate, creating a snowball effect.
Observational sampling meaning
The collection of data about specific behaviours/ events within a specific time frames.
Time sampling meaning
Where the researcher observes behaviour at specific time intervals.
Event sampling meaning
Participants are observed, who records a specific behaviour each time it occurs, to create a total score.
Opportunity sampling: positives
- Easy by using first suitable participants
- Less time
- Easy to locate samples
Opportunity sampling: negatives
- Biased= sample drawn from small part of target population.
Random sampling: positives
- Unbiased= all members of target population have an equal chance of selection.
