Methodology meanings Flashcards
Experiments meaning
A research method where cause and effect is measured through control and manipulation of variables (participants randomly allocated to experimental/ control groups).
Quasi-experiments meaning
Research where the experimenter has NOT deliberately manipulated the IV and participants are NOT randomly allocated (natural experiments and difference studies).
Structured interviews meaning
A research method that includes standardised questions and are asked face to face.
Questionnaires meaning
A list of written questions, which generate closed/ open answers.
Semi-structured interviews meaning
A research method that involves asking participants questions, usually face to face, but can include follow-up questions to expand on answers.
Correlational studies meaning
A research method involves comparing 2 continuous variables to see if there is an association/ relationship between them.
Non- participant observations meaning
Where the researcher watches and records participants behaviour without interfering in any way (from a distance).
Content analysis meaning
Involves exploration of behaviour to see what categories, codes/ themes emerge and tallying if they fit the theme. (converts qualitative data into quantitative data.)
Participant observations meaning
Where the researcher takes on the role of a participant whilst observing other participants behaviour.
Case studies meaning
Involves in-depth investigation of a phenomenon, using descriptive analysis of person/ group/ event. (is an holistic study using one or more methodologies.)
Brain scans meaning
Involves taking images of the brain to investigate brain function (PET scans / MRI scans…)
Longitudinal studies meaning
Involves conducting research over a long period of time in order to observe long-term effects on a specific behaviour.
Cross-sectional studiesmeaning
Involves comparing one group of participants (representing across-section of society) against another at the same point in time.
Self-reports meaning
Involves a participant reporting their own thoughts and feelings.
Qualitative data meaning
A type of data that can be observed, but not measured numerically (takes form of words).
