Part 9 Flashcards
colour is based on_____
light absorption by molecules
E=
Planck’s constant * speed of light/wavelength
functions of colourants?
restore original appearance of product after processing, ensure colour uniformity, intensify colours, protect flavours and light sensitive vitamins A and E from photodegradations, make attractive, preserve product identity, visual indication of quality
What does FD&C mean?
food, drug and cosmetic designation (regulated, approved for safety, purity, and consistency)
synthetic food colours have/are:
acidic functional groups, conjugated, comprised of atoms w/ lone pairs, water sol. cuz de-ionized
FD&C Citrus Red No.2 is restricted to:
surface of tangerines/oranges for uniform surface colour
two types of synth food colours?
dyes and lakes
these food colours are water soluble and have high colourant content
dyes
these food colours are chemically bound/strongly adsorbed on a carrier, are oil soluble, and have low colourant content
lakes
example of lakes?
icing
high colourant content means high ____ strength
tinctoral
points to remember when consider NOEL, ADI , and EDI?
1) assumption of max permitted lvls, which oversestimates 2) EDI is only 5% of ADI and only 3% of NOEL 4) NOEL has safety factor of 100
what is Feingold hypothesis?
linking of behavioural disorders in children with synth food colourant intake (no sci linkage)
colourants are called ___ on product labels in Canada
colour
HFCS is both a ___ and an____
sweetener; ingredient
what is citric acid used for?
antiox, antimicrobial, acidulant to control pH, sour taste response
natural flavours usually come in this form:
flavour paks, (juicing, collect vapour that comes off, remove water, condense, add back)
modified cornstarch is used as?
bulking agent to add mouthfeel and body
what is acesulfame potassium used for?
sweetener (synthetic and non-nutritional)
why use neotame?
as sweetener (but HFCS is still there to mask bitter taste)
why use sodium citrate?
pH control for acidulation
what is cellulose gum used for?
bulking agent
advantages of synth colourants?
extensive testing for safety, highly concentrated and pure, certified for consistency, wide range of colours, acid/light/processing stable, applicable to wide range of products, uniform colour, reproducible, cost is cheap
how do GHB and GBL work?
nervous system depressants, odourless/colourless, take effect in 15-30 min and can last for hours–>rape drugs
