part 2b Flashcards
how to determine lvl food additives consumed by average person?
estimates based on production, food industry usage, analysis of duplicate meals, assumption of max permitted lvls, selective studies of individual foods, market basket method (total diet study),
what is estimates based on production?
for given country, amount of food additive in terms of (produce+imports-exports)/total population
probs/limits of estimates based on production?
food waste, alt. use of food, non-food additive usage, extreme consumers
estimates based on production employed in ___
EU
what is food industry usage?
use records of purchase of additives by food industry, divide by # consumers
why additives calc by food industry usage an overestimate?
don’t consider food waste
what is analysis of duplicate meals?
most accurate method; representative sample of pop selected, duplicate meal samples collected at regular intervals (analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively)
limitations of analysis of duplicate meals?
ppl change eating patterns cuz monitored
what is assumption of max permitted lvls?
assume concentration of food additive in each food item is permitted max., then multiply by average consumption of various food items to yield estimated daily intake
assumption of max permitted lvls used by ___
WHO , one of methods of EU
what is selective studies of individual foods?
selction of food items which contain the food additive in question and each food analysed for additive concentration, then multiply by average daily consumption figures of food items
___ uses selective studies of individual foods for consumption patterns?
WHO
what is market basket method?
“total diet study”, common method estimating food additive intakes, selection of food items that represent typical pattern of food consumption—foods purchased and prepped as would be in home, then analyzed quant and qualitatively.
who use market basket method?
dietitian/nutritionists
permitted levels based on ___
acceptable daily intake
ADI established by:
JECFA
ADI for humans incorporates safety factor of ___ into NOAEL
100
safety factor based on these two assumptions
1) humans could be up to 10 x more sensitive than lab animals to chem comp
2) human susceptibility may vary by a factor of 10 (nutrigenomics)
in general, average intake of any food additive is well below ADI, normally < ___%
10
in North America, food ingredients are listed by name in ____
concentration order
in rest of world use _____ system to identify additives
International Numbering (E-number)
how is canada diff from US in labelling flavours/colourants?
canada don’t specify which ones like US does
