Part 7 Flashcards
What is the most common dislocation of the hip?
posterior
how does a posterior hip dislocation occur?
commonly when the hip is in flexion
what fracture is often assocated with a posterior hip dislocation?
acetabular rim fracture
what is the leg placement for posterior hip dislocation
superior to acetabulum, internally rotated and adducted
what are the normal views for a pelvis?
AP
frog leg
anterior hip dislocations are a result of?
abduction and external rotation of the leg
how is the leg positioned in an anterior hip dislocation?
externally rotated, abducted and flexed
what fracture is assocated with an anterior hip dislocation?
femoral head fracture
putti’s triad
small epiphysis
shallow acetabulum
lateral displacement of the femur
who most commonly gets fractures of the proximal femur?
elderly women
what are the different types of proximal femur fractures?
capital subcapital basicervical intertrochanteric subtrochanteric
what are the different types of intracapsular proximal femur fractures?
capital
subcapital
basicervical
what are the differnt types of extracapsular proximal femur fractures?
intertrochanteric
trochanteric
subtrochanteric
fatigue fracture
application of abnormal stress on a normal bone
insufficiency fracture
application of a normal stress on an abnormal bone
femoral shaft fracture
usually a result of severe violence
50% of people will have other injuries
what is the most common form of a femoral shaft fracture?
transverse fracture of the mid shaft
intra-articular fractures of the distal femur will cause what?
leakage of blood and marrow into the joint which will distend the bursa to form a lipohaemarthrosis. fat lies on top of blood
FBI sign indicates
intra-articular fracture
if you don’t see a line in the fat pad, it is not an FBI sign, but instead?
effusion
what is the name of the fat pad that is inferior to the patella?
Hoffa’s
what is located superior to the patella?
suprapatellar pouch
avulsion of the anterior tibial spine is most common in who?
children
what does an avulsion of the anterior tibial spine result from?
hyperextension of the knee with internal rotation on the tibia
50% of all avulsion of anteiror tibial spine are from?
bicycle
what else can you find with an avulsion of the anterior tibial spine in an adult?
ACL tear
what is the most common fracture of the patella?
transverse
what are the soft tissues of the knee?
ACL PCL MCL LCL medial meniscus lateral meniscus infrapatellar tendon
which is more common, fractures or soft tissue injuries?
soft tissue
describe a complete crutiate ligament tear
focal discrete complete disruption of all visible fibers (white on T2)
horizontal orientation with undulating contour
lateral femoral condyle bruising
describe a partial/intrasubstance tear
abnormal signal intensty within substance of ligament with some intact and some discontinuous fibers
what are some signs and symptoms of a mensical tear?
popping sound at the time of the injury pain tightness swelling within the kneee locking up, catching or giving way of the knee tenderness in the joint
where is delayed or non union of the lower leg?
distal 1/3
stress fractures are common in what part of the lower leg?
proximal 1/3
other fractures of the lower leg are common in what part?
middle or distal 1/3s
what are the types of tibia and fibula fractures?
tibia- segond’s, toddler
fibula- maisonneuve
