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Diagnostic Imaging II > Part 5 > Flashcards

Part 5 Flashcards

1
Q

fractures of the distal humerus

A 
transcondylar
lateral condyle
medial condyle
T shaped intercondylar
Y shaped intercondylar
modified T or Y shaped
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2
Q

what is the most common elbow fracture in children?

A

supracondylar

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3
Q

what is the most common elbow fracture in adults?

A

radial head or neck

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4
Q

what are some things to look out for when evaulating the elbow?

A

positive fat pad sign
radio-capitellar line
anterior humeral line
hockey stick appearance

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5
Q

what are the routine radiographs for the elbow?

A

AP

lateral

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6
Q

positive fat pad sign

A

anterior fat pad “sail sign”

see posterior fat pad

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7
Q

what line is helpful in determining supracondylar fractures?

A

anterior humeral line

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8
Q

what line is helpful in determining radial subluxations?

A

radiocapitellar line

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9
Q

where does the anterior humeral line usually fall?

A

middle 1/3 of the capitellum

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10
Q

ossification of capitellum

A

3-6 months

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11
Q

ossification of radial head

A

4-5 years

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12
Q

ossification of internal/medial epicondyle

A

5-7 years

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13
Q

ossification of trochlea

A

8-9 years

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14
Q

ossification of olecranon

A

8-10 years

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15
Q

ossification of external/lateral epicondyle

A

11-12 years

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16
Q

what is the helpful mnemonic for the ossification centers of the elbow?

A

CRITOE

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17
Q

is it a problem if one of the ossification centers occifies out of order?

A

yes, needs further examination

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18
Q

nursemaid’s elbow results from?

A

sudden jerk or pull on the hand resulting in entrapment of the annular ligament of the radial head

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19
Q

how does the child hold their arm if they have nursemaid’s elbow?

A

pronation

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20
Q

reduction of nursemaid’s elbow is by?

A

supinating the forearm

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21
Q

how common is dislocating the elbow?

A

adults: 3rd most common
children: most common

22
Q

what is the most common classification of elbow dislocation?

A

posterior/posterolateral

23
Q

what is the most common injury to the forearm?

A

both bones fractured

24
Q

galeezzi’s fracture

A

oblique spiral like fracture of the distal radius

slight dislocation of the distal radial ulnar articulation

25
Q

both bones fracture

A

transverse fractures of both bones of the distal forearm with posterior and lateral displacment and over riding deformity

26
Q

nightstick fracture

A

usually due to direct trauma to the forearm, which is raised to protect the head during an assault with a club or hard object
minimally displaced oblique fracture of the distal ulnar shaft

27
Q

monteggia fracture

A

oblique fracture to the shaft of the ulna

radial head dislocated anteriorly

28
Q

greenstick fracture

A

partial disruption of the cortex with angular change at the fracture site
tendancy for re-angulation following initial reduction

29
Q

what bones does a greenstick fracture involve?

A

radius, ulna (maybe even both)

30
Q

torus fracture

A

most common fracture of a child
FOOSH injury
outward bulging of the cortex often at the posterior radial surface

31
Q

which view is a torus fracture seen best?

A

lateral

32
Q

routine views of the wrist

A

PA
oblique
lateral

33
Q

colles’ fracture

A

fracture of the radius about 1 1/2 inches above the carpals with posterior displacement of the distal fragment

34
Q

colles’ fracture usually occurs in what age group?

A

elderly

35
Q

what is the mechanism of injury for colles’?

A

FOOSH

36
Q

colles’ fractures are often associated with?

A

ulnar styloid fractures

37
Q

what is the deformity associated with colles’ fracture?

A

dinner fork deformity

38
Q

what are some radiographic indicators of colles’ fracture?

A

pronator quadratus fascial line should be less than 3mm of the radius to be normal

39
Q

smith’s fracture

A

fracture of the radius 1 1/2 inches from the carpals withe anterior angulation of the distal fragment

40
Q

smith’s fracture results from?

A

fall on back of the hand

41
Q

what is a smith’s fracture also known as?

A

reverse colles’ fracture

42
Q

barton’s fracture

A

fracture of the posterior rim of the radius with accompanying carpal dislocation

43
Q

what causes a barton’s fracture?

A

FOOSH

44
Q

hutchinson’s/chauffeur’s fracture

A

radial styloid process

may be avulsion or direct trauma

45
Q

what view is hutchinson’s fracture best seen?

A

P-A view

46
Q

what is the most common carpal injury?

A

scaphoid

47
Q

who most commonly gets carpal injuries?

A

15-40 year olds

48
Q

what part of the scaphoid is most commonly involved?

A

waist

49
Q

what is the most common site for an occult (cannot see on radiograph) fracture?

A

scaphoid

50
Q

which view can you most commonly see scaphoid fracturess?

A

ulnar flexion

51
Q

what are the complications for scaphoid fractures?

A

often occult
delayed union
nonunion
avascular necrosis

Diagnostic Imaging II (19 decks)

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