Part 4- test 2 Flashcards
apposition
describes the closeness of the bony contact at the frature site
make sure to describe the offset of the distal in relation to the proximal
fracture frangments not perfectly apposed are said to be ____
offset
the direction of offset is stated in terms of..
displacement of the distal fragment relative to proximal
alignment
describes the position of the distal fragment in relation to the proximal in the longitudinal axis
deals primarily with the direction and degree of angulation
rotation
produced by a twisting force along the longitudinal axis
more easily determined by clinical evaluation than radiographic
ideally should include the joints above and below the fracture
when is the highest rate for fractures in men?
20s and 30s
>65
when is the highest rate for fractures in women?
up to 20 years
>45
common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury <5 years
supracondylar fracture of the humerus
common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury 5-10 years
transverse radial metaphysis fx
common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury 10-16 years
epiphyseal separation radius
common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury 16-35 years
scaphoid or other carpal fracture
common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury >40 years
colles fracture or ulna fracture
common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury >70 years
surgical neck humerus fracture
what part of the bone is the most common to fracture among the very young and very old?
epiphyseal
spondylostosis
L5 is completely anterior to S1
what kind of neck injury is the most severe?
flexion teardrop
increased interpedicular distance means..?
neural arch/posterior body fracture
buckling of the ligamentum flavum occurs in..?
extension teardrop fractures
spondylolysis
pars defect
if you can’t tell if the xray has a fracture or if it is bowel gas, what should you do?
retake radiograph
does 1 trauma cause a sponlylolisthesis?
NO
infant fractures tend to repair within?
4-6 weeks
adolescent fractures tend to repair within?
6-8 weeks
adult fractures tend to repair within?
10-12 weeks
or
16-20 weeks
salter harris type 1
complete shear injury of the physis
salter harris type 2
fracture through the physis and metaphysis
salter harris type 3
fracture through the physis and epiphysis
salter harris type 4
fracture of the physis, metaphysis, and epiphysis
salter harris type 5
compression fracture of the physis
type I acromio-clavicular joint injuries
mild sprain
no xray changes (0-25%)
type II acromio-clavicular joint injuries
moderate sprain
25-50% displacement
type III acromio-clavicular joint injuries
severe sprain
>50% displacement
normal AC width
<5mm
2-3mm bilaterally
normal distance between coracoid and clavicle
11-13mm
<5mm bilaterally
what are the types of clavicle fractures?
middle 1/3 (MC)
lateral 1/3
medial 1/3
fracture of the medial or lateral clavicle is usually due to?
DJD
comlications of clavicle fractures
mal-union
non-union
neurovascular injury
DJD
post-traumatic osteolysis
exuberant callus may cause neurovascular compromise
laceration of the subclavian artery or brachial plexus
Flap fracture
avulsion fracture of the greater tuberostiy
what is the most common shoulder dislocation?
anterior
what are the types of shoulder dislocations?
anteiror
posterior
luxatio erecta
what are the 3 subcategories of anteiror shoulder dislocations?
subcoracoid
subglenoid
intrathoracic
what are the mechanisms of anterior shoulder dislocations?
forceful extension or abduction of the arm
forceful elevation and external rotation
direct blow to the arm
FOOSH
assocated finsings with anterior shoulder dislocations
bankart lesion
hill-sacks
flap fracture
bankart lesion
avulsion of the inferior glenoid rim
hill-sacks
impaction fracture of the humeral head with a glenoid fossa
flap fracture
avusion fracture of the greater tuberosity
hill-sacks is also known as?
hatchet defect
mechanism of posteior shoulder defect
direct blow to the arm
elecrical shock
convulsive seizures
signs that make us think of a posterior shoulder dislocation
rim sign
trough line sign
tennis racquet of humeral head
fixed in internal rotation
luxatio erecta
inferior dislocation of the humerus
what are the different rotator cuff injuries?
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
radiology of rotator cuff tears
narrowing of the AC joint (<6mm)
erosion of the inferior aspect of the acromion process
flattening and atrophy of the greater tuberosity
rotator cuff tears are susally from what?
acute or repetitve trauma
what is the test of choice for a rotator cuff tear?
MRI
where is a rotator cuff tear usually seen?
critical zone (area of decreased vascularity) 1 cm from supraspinatus tendon
