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Diagnostic Imaging II > Part 4- test 2 > Flashcards

Part 4- test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

apposition

A

describes the closeness of the bony contact at the frature site
make sure to describe the offset of the distal in relation to the proximal

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2
Q

fracture frangments not perfectly apposed are said to be ____

A

offset

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3
Q

the direction of offset is stated in terms of..

A

displacement of the distal fragment relative to proximal

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4
Q

alignment

A

describes the position of the distal fragment in relation to the proximal in the longitudinal axis
deals primarily with the direction and degree of angulation

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5
Q

rotation

A

produced by a twisting force along the longitudinal axis
more easily determined by clinical evaluation than radiographic
ideally should include the joints above and below the fracture

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6
Q

when is the highest rate for fractures in men?

A

20s and 30s

>65

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7
Q

when is the highest rate for fractures in women?

A

up to 20 years

>45

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8
Q

common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury <5 years

A

supracondylar fracture of the humerus

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9
Q

common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury 5-10 years

A

transverse radial metaphysis fx

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10
Q

common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury 10-16 years

A

epiphyseal separation radius

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11
Q

common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury 16-35 years

A

scaphoid or other carpal fracture

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12
Q

common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury >40 years

A

colles fracture or ulna fracture

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13
Q

common places to fracture from a FOOSH injury >70 years

A

surgical neck humerus fracture

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14
Q

what part of the bone is the most common to fracture among the very young and very old?

A

epiphyseal

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15
Q

spondylostosis

A

L5 is completely anterior to S1

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16
Q

what kind of neck injury is the most severe?

A

flexion teardrop

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17
Q

increased interpedicular distance means..?

A

neural arch/posterior body fracture

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18
Q

buckling of the ligamentum flavum occurs in..?

A

extension teardrop fractures

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19
Q

spondylolysis

A

pars defect

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20
Q

if you can’t tell if the xray has a fracture or if it is bowel gas, what should you do?

A

retake radiograph

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21
Q

does 1 trauma cause a sponlylolisthesis?

A

NO

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22
Q

infant fractures tend to repair within?

A

4-6 weeks

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23
Q

adolescent fractures tend to repair within?

A

6-8 weeks

24
Q

adult fractures tend to repair within?

A

10-12 weeks
or
16-20 weeks

25
Q

salter harris type 1

A

complete shear injury of the physis

26
Q

salter harris type 2

A

fracture through the physis and metaphysis

27
Q

salter harris type 3

A

fracture through the physis and epiphysis

28
Q

salter harris type 4

A

fracture of the physis, metaphysis, and epiphysis

29
Q

salter harris type 5

A

compression fracture of the physis

30
Q

type I acromio-clavicular joint injuries

A

mild sprain

no xray changes (0-25%)

31
Q

type II acromio-clavicular joint injuries

A

moderate sprain

25-50% displacement

32
Q

type III acromio-clavicular joint injuries

A

severe sprain

>50% displacement

33
Q

normal AC width

A

<5mm

2-3mm bilaterally

34
Q

normal distance between coracoid and clavicle

A

11-13mm

<5mm bilaterally

35
Q

what are the types of clavicle fractures?

A

middle 1/3 (MC)
lateral 1/3
medial 1/3

36
Q

fracture of the medial or lateral clavicle is usually due to?

A

DJD

37
Q

comlications of clavicle fractures

A

mal-union
non-union
neurovascular injury
DJD
post-traumatic osteolysis
exuberant callus may cause neurovascular compromise
laceration of the subclavian artery or brachial plexus

38
Q

Flap fracture

A

avulsion fracture of the greater tuberostiy

39
Q

what is the most common shoulder dislocation?

A

anterior

40
Q

what are the types of shoulder dislocations?

A

anteiror
posterior
luxatio erecta

41
Q

what are the 3 subcategories of anteiror shoulder dislocations?

A

subcoracoid
subglenoid
intrathoracic

42
Q

what are the mechanisms of anterior shoulder dislocations?

A

forceful extension or abduction of the arm
forceful elevation and external rotation
direct blow to the arm
FOOSH

43
Q

assocated finsings with anterior shoulder dislocations

A

bankart lesion
hill-sacks
flap fracture

44
Q

bankart lesion

A

avulsion of the inferior glenoid rim

45
Q

hill-sacks

A

impaction fracture of the humeral head with a glenoid fossa

46
Q

flap fracture

A

avusion fracture of the greater tuberosity

47
Q

hill-sacks is also known as?

A

hatchet defect

48
Q

mechanism of posteior shoulder defect

A

direct blow to the arm
elecrical shock
convulsive seizures

49
Q

signs that make us think of a posterior shoulder dislocation

A

rim sign
trough line sign
tennis racquet of humeral head
fixed in internal rotation

50
Q

luxatio erecta

A

inferior dislocation of the humerus

51
Q

what are the different rotator cuff injuries?

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

52
Q

radiology of rotator cuff tears

A

narrowing of the AC joint (<6mm)
erosion of the inferior aspect of the acromion process
flattening and atrophy of the greater tuberosity

53
Q

rotator cuff tears are susally from what?

A

acute or repetitve trauma

54
Q

what is the test of choice for a rotator cuff tear?

A

MRI

55
Q

where is a rotator cuff tear usually seen?

A 
critical zone (area of decreased vascularity)
1 cm from supraspinatus tendon

Diagnostic Imaging II (19 decks)

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