Part 12

Question 1

cause of enchrondroma

Answer 1

cartilaginous growth in medullary cavity of bones preformed in cartilage

Question 2

location of enchrondroma

Answer 2

small bones of wrist and hand (PHALANGES, metacarpals)
long bones
central and meta/diaphyseal

Question 3

age/gender of enchondroma

Answer 3

10-30

male or female

Question 4

findings of enchondroma

Answer 4

round/oval lucency with fine marginal line
endosteal scalloping
stippled/punctate calcifications
possible cortical thinning and expansion

Question 5

clinical of enchondroma

Answer 5

asymptomatic MC

Question 6

enchondromatosis is also called?

Answer 6

ollier’s disease

Question 7

cause of enchondromatosis

Answer 7

non-hereditary failure of cartilage ossification

Question 8

location of enchondromatosis

Answer 8

hands and feet

Question 9

age of enchrondromatosis

Answer 9

early childhood

Question 10

findings of enchondromatosis

Answer 10

multiple enchondromas

Question 11

clinical of enchrondromatosis

Answer 11

hand/feet deformity

Question 12

maffucci syndrome

Answer 12

multiple soft tissue hemangiomas

associated with enchondromatosis

Question 13

cause of hemangioma

Answer 13

solitary vascular neoplasm

slow growing and composed of newly formed capillary, cavernous or venous blood vessel

Question 14

location of hemangioma

Answer 14

vertebral body (T or L)
calvarium with predilection for frontal bone

Question 15

age and gender of hemangiomas

Answer 15

40-50

female

Question 16

findings of hemangiomas

Answer 16

<4cm round lesion
sunburst/spoked wheel appearance
may occur in diploic space, producing a palpable lump secondary to widen the space

Question 17

clinical of hemangiomas

Answer 17

asymptomatic

symptomatic (spinal lesions causing stenosis)

Question 18

labs of hemangioma

Answer 18

MRI if symptomatic

Question 19

treatment/prognosis of hemangioma

Answer 19

no treatment MC
symptomatic (decompession surgery)
skull lesion treated with enbloc excision

Question 20

cause of chondroblastoma

Answer 20

rare benign bone tumor

Question 21

location of chondroblastoma

Answer 21

apophysis or epiphysis in a subarticular location

lower extremity

Question 22

age/gender of chondroblastoma

Answer 22

5-25

male

Question 23

findings of chondroblastoma

Answer 23

round/oval eccentric lytic lesion/epiphysis or apophyaia 1-6 cm in diameter
lobulated (50%)
punctate calcificaitons (25-50)
periostitis

Question 24

clinical of chondroblastoma

Answer 24

often asymptomatic for months to years without treatment

mild joint pain, tenderness, joint swelling, limited ROM

Question 25

treatment/prognosis of chondroblastoma

Answer 25

surgical curretage and packing with bone chips
local recurrence rate of ~20%
resection in expendable area

Question 26

cause of fibrous cortical defect (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 26

cortex is defective

Question 27

location of FCD (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 27

metaphysis of long bones of lower extremity

Question 28

age of FCD (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 28

2-8

Question 29

findings of FCD (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 29

round lytic lesion 1-2 cm in diameter with well defined sclerotic margin
eccentric and metaphyseal
oval and extending parallel to long axis which could produce cortical thining and expansion
lytic or bubbly in appearance
may be multilocular

Question 30

clinical of FCD (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 30

asymptomatic

Question 31

treatment/prognosis of FCD (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 31

no treatment necessary as tissue lesions tend to spontaneously regress over 2-5 year period

Question 32

location of non-ossifying fibroma (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 32

long bones of LE

Question 33

age of NOF (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 33

8-20

Question 34

findings of NOF (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 34

eccentric and metaphyseal
multilocular avoid lesion along long axis
dense sclerotic border
endosteal scalloping and thinning and bulging
migrates toward diaphysis

Question 35

clinical of NOF (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 35

asymptomatic

Question 36

treatment/prognosis of NOF (fibrous xanthoma)

Answer 36

no treatment necessary as these lesions tend to spontaneously regress
>8cm may need curettage and bone backing to prohibit fracture

Question 37

cause of fibrous dysplasia

Answer 37

fibro-osseous developmental anomaly/mesenchymal precursor of bone, manifested as a defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation

Question 38

location of fibrous dysplasia

Answer 38

monostoic (ribs, proximal femur, craniofacial bones)

polystoic (femur, tibia, pelvis, feet, ribs, skull and facial, upper extremity and spine)

Question 39

age/female of fibrous dysplasia

Answer 39

10-20

male, female

Question 40

findings fo fibrous dysplasia

Answer 40

most medullary cavity lesions are lucent, loculated or tabeculated with rim sign
may cause thickening of cortex and widening of shaft
ground glass appearance

Question 41

findings for skull with fibrous dysplasia

Answer 41

often areas of increased density along convexity and anterior fossa
unilateral overgrowth of facial bones
expansion in skull bones and ribs

Question 42

clinical of fibrous dysplasia

Answer 42

many asymptomatic
pain secondary to deformity of fracture
leg length discrepancy
shepard's crook
sabre shin
CN compromise
protrusio acetabuli
proptosis (bulging eyes)
pseudo arthrosis of tibia in infancy
malignant transformation
pathologic fracture

Question 43

McCune-Albright syndrome

Answer 43

polyostoic fibrous dysplasia
cafe au lait spots
endocrine dysfunction
precocious puberty in females