Part 5 Flashcards
A term used to describe unwanted hair is
superfluous hair
Electronic tweezers transmit radio frequency energy into the follicle area, dehydrating and eventually destroying the
papilla
A caustic substance used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair at the skin level is
a depilatory
The product composition of cold and hot wax is primarily beeswax and
resins
Disposable gloves should be worn during a waxing service to prevent contact with possible
blood borne pathogens
Wax should never be applied over warts, moles, abrasions, or
irritated or inflamed skin
To prevent wax contamination, an applicator should be placed in the wax
once
In a waxing treatment, the wax should be applied
in the direction of the hair growth
An epilator treatment that involves using a thick-based product appropriate for sensitive skin is
sugaring
Apply pressure to remove a fabric waxing strip and pull
in the opposite direction of hair growth
To prevent skin irritation or burns, the temperature of wax should be tested
prior to application
A temporary hair removal method practiced in many Eastern cultures is the process of
threading
If redness or swelling occurs after a waxing treatment sooth the skin with the application of
aloe gel
A wax that is thick and does not require fabric strips for removal is
cold wax
The preliminary parts of a facial treatment that determine the treatments to be performed are
skin analysis and consultation
The health screening performed prior to a facial treatment is used by the technician to determine any
contraindications
Clients with obvious skin abnormalities such as open sores, fever blisters, or abnormal-looking signs should be
provided treatments
When removing a cleanser from the eye area, it should be removed with damp facial sponges or cotton pads
in an upward and outward movement
When performing a skin analysis with a magnifying lamp, the first thing the technician should look for is the presence or absence of
visible pores
If the client is not producing enough sebum, the skin type is characterized as
alipidic
Skin that has small pores and may be flaky or dry with fine lines and wrinkles is characterized as
dehydrated
Oily skin or skin that produces too much sebum may appear shiny or greasy and have
large pores
Pores that are clogged from dead cells building up in the follicle may have the appearance of open
Comedones
The difference between closed and open Comedones is the size of the follicle opening or the
ostium
When the follicle becomes clogged, resulting in an infection of the follicle, it is caused by a type of acne bacteria called
anaerobic
Red pimples that do not have a pus head are referred to as
acne papules
A skin condition caused by sun exposure or hormone imbalances resulting in dark blotches of color in areas of the skin is
hyperpigmentation rosacea
A chronic hereditary disorder indicated by constant or frequent facial blushing is
cleansing milk
A nonfoaming cleansing product that is designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin is
detergents
Cleansing products that foam and rinse off easily generally contain surfactant also known as
toners
Skin produces designed to lower the pH of skin after cleansing and remove excess cleansing produce are fresheners astringents, or
removing excess
Exfoliant products are used on skin surfaces to make the skin look smoother by
dead cells
Cosmetology professionals are only allowed to use products that remove surface dead cells from the
stratum corneum
A gentle chemical exfoliation acid that helps dissolve the bonds and intercellular cement between cells is
alpha hydroxy acid
A salon-type of alpha hydroxy acid exfoliant that contains a concentration of 20 to 30 percent acid is referred to as a
peel
A chemical exfoliant that works by dissolving keratin protein in the surface skin cells is known as an enzyme peel or
keratolytic
An enzyme cream-type peel that forms a crust and is rolled off the skin is a
gommage
Moisturizers that increase the water content of the skin’s surface with a product that is water-binding are known as
hydrators
A fatty or oily ingredient used to block moisture from leaving the skin is a(n)
emollient
Clients should be advised to use sunscreens that protect against both UVA and
UVB sun rays
Highly concentrated skin products applied under a moisturizer or sunscreen are
serums
Lubricants applied to the face to make the skin slippery during a treatment are
massage creams
Soothing masks that have antibacterial ingredients and are helpful for acne-prone skin are
clay based
Masks that do not dry the skin and often contain oils and emollients as well as humectants are
cream masks
Paraffin used as a mask has no skin benefit unless mixed with a(n)
treatment cream
A plaster-like mask that, when mixed with water, causes a chemical reaction is known as a(n)
modelage mask
The thin, open-meshed, woven cotton fabric used in the penetration of the mask application is
gauze
The term used to describe the manual or mechanical manipulation of the body is
massage creams
To master massage techniques, the cosmetologist should have a basic working knowledge of
anatomy and physiology
The direction of movement in massage techniques should always be from the insertion of the muscle
toward its origin
The massage movement that is light continuous stroking movement with the fingers in a slow rhythmic manner is
effleurage
The kneading massage movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing the tissue with light, firm pressure is
pestrissage
The deep rubbing of friction massage movements on the skin has been known to have a significant effect on the
circulation and gladular activity of the skin
The most stimulating type of massage that should be performed using extreme care and discretion is
tapotement
The point on the skin over the muscle where pressure an stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle is referred to as the
motor point
A significant benefit of a facial steamer that heats and produces steam is that the steam produced will soften and relax
follicle accumulations
When using the brushing machine to perform an exfoliation, the skin should be treated with a(n)
fairly thick layer of cleanser or moisturizer
The skin suction and cold spray machine is used to increase circulation and should be used only on nonsensitive or
noninflamed skin
The use of electric currents to treat the skin is a form of
electrotherapy
The process of softening and emulsifying hardened sebum stuck in the follicles is called
desincrustatin
Water-soluble products are penetrated into the skin using galvanic current and a process called
iontophoresis
A galvanic treatment using a computerized device to tone skin and produce a lifting effect on aging skin is
microcurrent
The therapeutic use of essential oils to enhance a person’s physical and emotional well-being is
aromatherapy
After the first treatment, every new client should be provided with a thorough consultation that consists of salon treatment programs, education, and
proper home care
A base makeup that is used to cover r even out the coloring of skin is
foundation
Foundation bases are available in stick, cream, mineral powder, and
liquid
Natural derived pigments or color agents added to foundations to provide color are
lakes
The recommended foundation for light coverage for dry skin are
water based
Foundations that provide a heavier base coverage for dry skin are
cream foundation
Foundation should be blended using
disposable makeup sponge
Concealers that are used to hide dark circles and imperfections contain talc or
pigment
To keep pressed powder in a cake form, it is usually blended with
binding agents
A makeup product primarily used to add a natural glow to the cheek or face area is a
blush
Generally, a darker shade of eye color makes the natural color of the iris appear
lighter
Color applied over the eye area to even out skin tones and provide a smooth surface for blending of other colors is a
base color
A color in any finish that deepens and darkens the skin tone and minimizes a specific area is a
contour color
To avoid infection in the tear duct or permanent pigmentation of the mucous membrane lining, eye pencils should never be used
on the inner rim of eyes
A cosmetic preparation used to darken, define, and thicken eyelashes is
mascara
To clean professional makeup brushes, a gentle shampoo or brush solvent is used, and the brush is placed into running water with the
ferrule pointing downward
Colors obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors are
secondary colors
A primary and secondary color directly opposite each other on the color wheel are
complementary colors
Three main factors to consider when choosing color for a client are the client’s hair color
eye color and skin color
Colors that are dominated by blues, greens, violets, and blue reds are classified as
cool colors
Skin tones that contain equal amounts of warn and cool colors are considered
neutral skin tones
Complementary colors for green eyes are brown-based reds, which include
copper plum and mauve
The best type of lighting for color selection in the salon consultation area is
natural light
Foundation application should start at the center of the face and blend with
outward and downward motions
A basic rule of makeup application is that highlighting emphasizes a feature and shadowing
minimizes a feature
The second portion of an oval-shaped type face is measured from the
top of eyebrows to end of nose
The facial shape composed of comparatively straight lines, a wide forehead, and square jaw is the
square-shaped face
The long, narrow facial shape with greater length in proportion to its wide is the
oblong-shaped face
To minimize a short, flat nose, a lighter foundation is applied
down the center of the nose, ending at the tip
To set foundation and prevent the transfer to clothing, use
translucent powder
In eyebrow arching, the highest part of an eyebrow arch should be from the outer circle to the
iris of the eye upward
A normal healthy nail is firm and flexible and should be
smooth and unspotted
A nail disorder is classified as a condition that is caused by
injury or disease
If a client has skin that is infected, inflamed, or swollen, the client should be referred to
a physician
A condition of the nails in which blood clots from under the nail plate is
bruised nails
When performing nail services on a client with nail ridges running vertically down the nail plate, it is recommended that the technician
carefully buff the nail plate
A common nail condition where living skin around the nail splits due to dryness of the skin is
hangnails
A localized area of increased pigment cells within the matrix bed is responsible for the nail condition
melanonychia
A common term used to describe a nail with a highly curved nail plate is
plicatured nail
An abnormal nail condition that is the result of damage to the eponychium or hyponychium and occurs when skin is stretched by the nail plate is
nail pterygium
Parasites that under some conditions may caused infection to the feet and hands are
fungi
Nail fungi are of concern to the salon because they can be transmitted through unsanitary implements and are
contagious
A term that should not be used when referring to infections of the fingernails or toenails is
mold
TO prevent fungal organisms on the nail, in addition to the sanitation and disinfection of implements, the technician must properly
clean and prepare the natural nail plate
A typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified in thee early stages as a
yellow-green spot on the nail
To avoid the spread of any nail diseases or bacterial infections, it is imperative that the technician use
strict sanitation and disinfection practices
The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a nail disease called
onycholysis
A bacterial inflammation surrounding the nail tissue that may be the result of excessive exposure to water is
paronychia
The medical term for fungal infections associated with the feet is
tinea pedis
The technical term used to describe bitten nails is
onychophagy
The naturally occurring skin bacteria that can grow out of control and cause an infection if conditions are correct is
pseudomonas aeruginosa
A manicuring table lamp should have an incandescent bulb with wattage no higher than
40 to 60 watts
Disinfection containers for manicure implements should be large enough for implements to be
completely immersed
Lids are required on disinfectant containers to prevent
contamination
Manicuring implements should be placed in the disinfectant container after being
properly cleaned
A wooden pusher used to remove cuticle tissue is disposable and should be
discarded after each use
A metal pusher is used to push back the eponychium and gently scrape cuticle tissue from the
natural nail plate
Fine grit abrasives are designed for removing very fine scratches and
buffing and polishing
To bevel a nail, use gentle pressure and angle the file with a
45-degree angle
Clean abrasives or implements stored in plastic bags or sealed airtight containers promote
bacterial growth
A nipper should be used to carefully trim away the
tags of dead skin
A buffer that shines the nail plate without the use of dry buffing power is a(n)
three-way buffer
A tool used to shorten the length of the natural nail plate is a(n)
nail clipper
The time necessary to properly clean and disinfect implements after each use is
20m
Brushes used in products that do not harbor the growth of pathogens are considered
self disinfecting
Small fiber-free squares used to apply or remove product are
pledgets
Nail products should be removed from their containers using a
plastic or metal spatula
Cosmetic products containing a high water content provide the growth opportunity for
pathogens
The use of bar soap is not recommended as it may
harbor bacteria
When removing nail polish from wrap-type nail enhancements, use a solvent that is
non acetone
Removers that are used to dissolve and remove polish contain solvents of ethyl acetate or
acetone
A product designed to loosen and dissolve dead tissue from the nail plate is
cuticle remover
A product designed to improve adhesion of polish to the natural nail is a
base coat
Nail hardeners that cause adverse reactions to skin may contain
formaldehyde
Product information including safe handling, first aid, and proper storage is required in
Material Safety Data Sheets
Generally, it is recommended that the shape of the nail plate enhances the overall
shape of the fingertip
The five basic nail shapes are
square squoval round pointed and oval
Should a client be accidentally cut and blood drawn, the first precautionary step is to
put on gloves and inform client
The three individual procedures for a basic manicure should include
Pre-service, actual service. And post-service
Success in nail polish application is achieved by using four coats including
one base goat, two polish coat, and one top coat
Massage manipulations should be executed using
rhythmic and smooth movements
The massage movement where the technician holds the client’s wrist and bends it back and forth slowly is a form of
joint movement
Vigorous joint massage should not be performed if a client has a joint injury or
arthritis
Sitting or working in uncomfortable, strained positions can lead to back, neck, or shoulder injuries and result in
cumulative trauma
Spa manicures encompass extensive knowledge of nail care and
skin care treatments
Spa manicures include massage and skin exfoliation for polishing, smoothing, and enhancing
professional product penetration
Pedicure procedures include trimming, shaping, and polishing toenails; exfoliating skin; and
foot massage services
To ensure healthy, happy feet, professional pedicure services should be performed
monthly
A pedicure tool used to exfoliate dry skin or smooth calluses is a
paddle
A pedicuring station should include a comfortable chair for the client, a footrest for the client, and a(n)
ergonomic chair for the nail professional
To be effective in a pedicure bath, liquid soaps should contain a(n)
mild detergent
Lotions, oils, and creams are used to condition and moisturize feet and for
performing a foot massage
A metal file that is designed to be used in a specific fashion is a
rasp
The tool used to exfoliate dry skin or smooth calluses during a pedicure service is a
foot file
When working on the foot, it should be grasped between the thumb and fingers at the
mid-tarsal area
The actual pedicure procedure has five basic steps; the soak, nail care, skin care,
massage, and polish
When performing a pedicure, apply a firm grip on the client’s foot to
calm the client
When clipping toenails, extra care should be exercised to avoid breaking the
hyponychium
To properly disinfect a foot spa after each pedicure service, the nail technician is required to perform the following steps:
Drain and remove water and contaminants, add more surface and water, and use
The procedure for cleaning a foot spa at the end of the day is:
remove and clean screen of trapped debris, wash screen and inlet and totally immerse in approved disinfectant, then flush system with low-sudsing soap and water for 10 mins, rinse, drain, and air-dry
The weekly maintenance procedure for foot spas requires the disinfectant solution to remain in the foot spa at least
6 to 10 hours
Foot massage performed correctly is relaxing to the client, is therapeutic and
stimulates blood flow
The massage movement used to stretch the muscles and tendons is
pestrissage
A product that should never be placed in the foot bath with the client’s feet is a
disinfectant
Creams or lotions used to help in the removal and smoothing of dry, flaky skin and calluses are
abrasive scrubs
Alkaline cuticle removers should never be applied to
living skin
Professional strength callus softener products usually contain sodium hydroxide or
lactic acid
A hot paraffin bath should not be provided to a client with
diabetic related problems
A small “ice cream scooper” -shaped implement used for efficient removal of debris from nail folds and cuticle area is a
curette
Toenail clippers used for a pedicure service should have
fairly fine points
Nail rasps are a tool specifically designed to file
in one direction
Plastic, premolded forms adhered to natural nails to add length or support nail enhancement products are
nail tips
Nail tips break easily without the reinforcement called a(n)
overlay
A rough surface tool used to shape, smooth, and remove the surface shine on a nail is a(n)
abrasive board
The term used to describe the thickness of nail adhesives is
viscosity
Nail tips should never cover more than
one third of the natural nail plate
The shallow depression area of a nail tip is the
well
When placing nail tips on the natural nail plate, the technique used is
stop rock and hold
When blending a nail tip at the contact area, the fine-grit buff block should be held
flat across the surface of the nail plate
The action used with a wooden pusher to remove soften nail tips is
slide off with pusher
Nail enhancements using nail-size pieces of cloth or paper bonded to the nail plate are
nail wraps
The strongest material used as a nail wrap is
linen
A product applied to the surface of natural nails to remove moisture and improve adhesion is a
nail dehydrator
When applying nail wraps, to prevent the transfer of oil and debris from the technician to the client, use
flexible plastic sheets
Nail wraps should be rebalanced with resin and new fabric after
4 weeks
A fabric piece cut to completely cover a crack or break in a nail wrap is a
repair patch
A gel-like material that requires an activator to cure is
no light gel application
The improper use of activators can cause a heat spike to the client and
nail bed damage
To avoid damaging nail wraps when removing existing polish, use a(n)
no acetone remover
An implement similar to a nail clipper, designed especially for use on nail tips, is a
tip cutter
Acrylic(methacrylate) nail enhancements are created by combining monomer liquid with
polymer powder
Nail enhancements sculptured with the use of polymer powder are called
acrylic nails
Brushes recommended for the application acrylic(methacrylate) product are
natural hair
When applying product, the brush is immersed into monomer and the tip of the brush is
touched to the surface of the dry polymer powder
As monomer liquid absorbs a polymer powder, the product formed at the tip of the brush is referred to as a
bead of product
Polymer powder is made using a special chemical reaction called
polymerization
