Part 3 Flashcards
In Designing, when opposite sides have different lengths or different volume and appear to have equal visual weight, it is referred to as
asymmetrical balance
A recurrent pattern of movement in design is referred to as
rhythm
The area of a design where the eye is drawn to first before traveling to the rest of the design is called the
emphasis
The most important art principle that holds a design together is
harmony
The facial type that is about one and a half times longer that its width across the brow is the
oval face
The offset or round out the features of a square facial shape, the aim would be to
create volume between the temples and jaw
The facial shape with a narrow forehead and wide jaw and chin line is considered to be
triangular
The face profile with a receding forehead and chin is generally referred to as
convex
To give the illusion of proportional eyes to a client with wide set eyes, the hair should be
slightly darker at the sides than top
The triangular section that begins at the apex or high point of the head and ends at the front corners is called the
bang area
The shampoo provides a good opportunity for the stylist to analyze the client’s
hair and scalp conditions
A client with an infectious disease should be referred to a
physician
The primary purpose of a shampoo is to
cleanse the hair and scalp
In the shampoo selection process, understanding the pH scale helps the stylist
select the proper shampoo for the client
An abundant and important element classified as a universal solvent is
water
An alkaline shampoo with a high pH can leave the hair dry, brittle, and more porous and cause fading in
color-treated hair
Freshwater from lakes and streams is purified by the processes of sedimentation and
filtration
Small amounts of chlorine can be added to water to
kill bacteria
Water that contains certain minerals that lessen the ability of shampoo to later readily is
hard water
In listing the ingredients of a product, the percentage of each ingredient is listed in
descending order
The second ingredient that most shampoos have in common is the primary surfactant or
base detergent
The water-attracting end of a surfactant molecule is the
hydrophilic
an acid-balanced shampoo has a pH in the range of
4.5 to 5.5
Shampoos that are recommended for use on color-treated or lightened hair are
acid-balanced
Shampoos with an acidic ingredient used to remove product build up on hair are
clarifying shampoos
Shampoos used for oily hair and scalp that remove excess oiliness and keep the hair from drying out are
balancing shampoos
Shampoos used to brighten or eliminate unwanted gold or brassiness are
color-enhancing shampoos
Substances that absorb moister or promote the retention of moisture are
humectants
A product that slightly increases the diameter of the hair with a coating action, adding body to the hair, is
protein conditioner
A product that is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation is a
scalp astringent lotion
Brushing of the hair should never be done prior to
chemical services
The most highly recommended hairbrushes are those made from
natural bristles
To avoid physical problems during the shampoo, the correct posture is to
keep shoulders back, abdomen in
After shampooing chemically treated hair, gently remove tangles beginning
at the nape and working up t the frontal area
As a safely feature for the client, during a shampoo the water temperature should be monitored by the stylist by
keeping one finger over the edge of the spray nozzle in contact with the water
Firm pressure and/or heavy scalp massage should not be administered during the shampoo procedure if the client is to receive a
chemical services
After a shampoo, it is not recommended to apply a conditioner
to the base of the hair, near the scalp
A shampoo that is performed when the client’s health does not allow for a wet shampoo is a
dry shampoo procedure
A stylist should recommend hair or scalp treatments only after performing a
hair and scalp analysis
A scalp treatment used when there is a deficiency of natural oil on the hair or scalp should contain
moisturizers and emollient ingredients
High-frequency current should never be used when the hair is treated with tonics that contain
alcohol
The overactive glands that produce excessive oiliness are the
sebaceous glands
Dandruff is the result of a fungus called
malassezia
Alcohol-based antidandruff lotions and tonics should not be used in conjunction with
infrared lamps
When working a shampoo into a lather, the stylist should use
cushions of fingertips
A good haircut begins with an understanding of the
head form
The areas of the head where the surface of the head changes are
reference points
In the haircutting procedure reference points are used to establish
design lines
The widest part of the head, also known as the crest area, is the
parietal ridge
The bone that protrudes at the base of the skill is the
occipital bone
The highest point at the top of the head is the
apex
The reference point that signals a change in head shape from flat to round or vice versa is the
four corners
The area at the back part of the neck below the occipital bone is the
nape area
The triangle section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners is the
fringe area
A thin continuous mark that is used throughout a haircut is called a(n)
line
The space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point is a(n)
angle
The straight lines used to build weight or create a one-length or low-elevation haircut are
horizontal lines
The straight lines used to remove weight or create graduated layers are
vertical lines
The haircutting technique using diagonal lines to create fullness and blend long layers into short layers is
beveling
For control during haircutting, the hair is divided into uniform working areas called
sections
The angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held while cutting is
elevation
Elevating the hair at a 90 degrees or higher during a haircut results in the removal of
weight, or layering the hair
The angle of which the fingers are held when performing a haircut is the
cutting line
The first section cut when creating a shape is the
guideline
The outer line of a haircut is referred to as the
perimeter
The guideline used when creating layers or a graduated cut is a
traveling guidelines
The technique of combing hair away from its natural falling position rather than straight out from the head toward a guideline is
over direction
A conversation where the stylist offers professional advice and suggestions to the client is the
client consultation
For a client with a long face, the stylist would recommend a style that
adds fullness on the sides to add width
To compensate for shrinkage associated with curly hair, the stylist should allow for shrinkage of
1/2 inch to 2 inches
The direction that hair grows from the scalp into a natural falling position is the
growth pattern
The number of individual hair strands on one square inch of scalp is hair
density
The haircutting tool with large teeth set far apart, designed too remove a significant amount of hair, is
notching shears
A small haircutting tool used to create crisp outlines is a
trimmer
The haircutting tool used for close tapers in the scissors-overcomb technique is the
barber comb
The hand that holds the shears, parts the hair, and cuts the hair during the cutting procedure is called the
dominant hand
The technique where the comb and shears are held closed in the dominant hand at the same time is called
palming the shears
The technique used to free up the dominant cutting hand to cut a subsection is called
transferring the comb working the shears
A haircutting tool used for detailing and texturizing or an entire haircut is the
straight razor
The term used to describe the pressure applied to hair when combing or holding a subsection is
tension
When cutting straight hair to create a precise design line, use
maximum tension
When cutting hair, a general rule of thumb is to stand or sit
directly in front of the area you are cutting
In cutting uniform or increasing layers, the hand position most often used is cutting
over the fingers
The technique of cutting below the fingers or inside the knuckles using a horizontal cutting line creates
heavier graduated haircut or a one-length bob
A haircutting technique that maintains control of a subsection with regard to elevations and over direction is
cutting palm-to-palm
When cutting below the finger, to prevent cutting the soft and fleshy part of the finger, avoid cutting past
the second knuckle
The visual line in a haircut, where the ends of the hair hang together, is the
weight line
A haircut achieved using a stationary guide and zero or no elevation and the hair comes to one hanging level is a
blunt cut
In a graduated haircut, the most common elevation used is
45 degrees
Parting the haircut in the opposite way it was cut to check for precision of line and shape is
cross-checking
The area of the head that has the most irregular growth patterns is the
crown
In using the wide teeth of a comb when cutting, comb the section first with the fine teeth and then
turn the com around and comp with the wide teeth
In general a razor should not be used on curly hair as it will
weaken the cuticle and cause the hair to frizz
The term used to describe how hair is moved over the head is
natural distribution
When working with a razor, the ends are cut at an angle producing a softer shape with more visible separation or
feathered effect
A method of cutting or thinning hair where the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length is
slide cutting
The scissors-over-comb technique uses the comb to hold the hair in place and allows cutting from
extremely short to longer lengths
The technique of removing excess bulk or cutting for effect without shortening hair length is
texturizing
Vertical point cutting performed with shears on the ends of hair
removes less hair
When performing the notching technique of texturizing with shears, the tops of the shears should be held
2 inches from the ends
Thinning hair to graduated lengths using a sliding movement with shear blades partially open is
slithering
The slicing technique removes bulk and adds
movement through the lengths of the hair
When performing the slicing technique on the surface of the haircut, it is best to work on
dry hair
A version of the slicing technique that creates a visual separation in the hair is
carving
A tool attached to clippers that cuts the hair to the exact length is
length guard attachment
With a regular cutting comb, the finer shapes teeth are geared for detailing, and the finer spaced teeth are geared for
combing and cutting
When using the clipper-over-comb technique, the length is determined by the
angle of the comb
Cutting hair at the same length consistently, using a 90-degree elevation, produces a
uniform later
In the carving technique, to remove less hair, the scissors should be held
more vertical
Clippers and trimmers should be cleaned and the detachable blade and heel disinfected
after each use
To ensure that the client has the knowledge of necessary to care for their hair properly between salon visits, it is the responsibility of the professional to
educate clients on home hair maintenance and professional products
The first step in the hairstyling process should always be a
client consultation
Shaping and directing the hair into an S formation using a comb, lotion, and the fingers is called
finger waving
Hair gel that makes the hair pliable, keeps it in place, and is made from karaya gum is
waving lotion
When creating finger waves with a side part, you should begin on the
heavy side
In creating horizontal finger waves, the waves are placed
sideways and parallel around the head
The stationary foundation of a pin curl is the
base
The part of a pin curl that gives the curl its direction and movement is the
stem
The stem of the pin curl is the part that determines
mobility
Pin curls that produce tight, firm, long-lasting curls and allow for minimum mobility are
no-stem pin curl
Pin curls formed in a shaping should begin at the
open end
Smooth waves and uniform curls are produced by
open center curls
Pin curls formed in the opposite direction of the hands of a clock are
counterclockwise curls
Pin curl bases are referred to as rectangular, triangular
arc-based
Triangular base pin curls are used along the front or facial hairline to
prevent breaks or splits
Creating tension by forcing hair between the thumb and back of a comb when making pin curls is called
ribboning
Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are
carved curls
Two rows of ridge curls placed on the side of a head are
skip waves
Pin curls that allow the hair to flow upward and downward are called stand-up curls or
cascade curls
Barrel curls are similar to a roller, but do not have the same
tension
The panel of hair on which a roller is placed is the
base
Hair between the scalp and the first turn of a roller is the
stem
For a roller set where little or no volume is required, the rollers should be placed
off-base
The point where curls of opposite directions meet forming a recessed area is The metal edge of roller clips placed at an angle against the hair can cause
hair breakage
Combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp creating a cushion or base is
back-combing
To smooth hair that is back-combed, the teeth of the comb or brush should be held at a
45-dgree angle
When wrapping hair, very little volume will be attained provided the
hair at the scalp is not lifted
The nozzle attachment used in blow-drying to create a stead stream of air is the
concentrator
The tool attachment used to dry hair softly and accentuate the textural definition is a
diffuser
Teeth on a styling comb that are closely spaced remove curl definition and create a
smooth surface
Classic styling brushes having rows of round-tipped nylon bristles should be
heath resistant and antistatic
An ideal brush for blow-drying fine hair quickly and adding lift to scalp area is a
paddle brush
A thickened liquid styling tool, spread with fingers, that creates the strongest control and distinct texture definition is
styling gel
A styling aid that holds fine hair with little or no heaviness is
textuizers
A styling aid applied to damp wavy or curling hair to create a straight look when the hair is blow-dried is
straightening gel
When blow-drying with a round brush, maximum lift is achieved by inserting the brush on base and directing the section up at a
125-degree angle
When using a concentrator to blow-dry straight or wavy hair, build the shape working from
nape to crown
Waving and curling straight or pressed hair using special manipulative techniques on dry hair is
thermal curling
The basic parts of a thermal iron are the rod handle, shell handle, and
barrel and shell
The edge of a beveled flat iron that is nearest the stylist is the
inner edge
To remove dirt, oils, and product residue from the barrel of a thermal iron, use a dampened towel with a soapy solution containing a few drops of
ammonia
Combs used with thermal irons should be about 7 inches long and made of
a nonflammable substance
In thermal curling, hair is held at a 125-degree angle with medium tension and the curl is placed in the center if its base is a
full-base curl
A type of thermal curl with only slight lift or volume can be achieved by using a 70-degree angle and
rolling hair completely off base
A technique used to temporarily straighten extremely curly or unruly hair until the hair is shampooed is
hair pressing
Applying a thermal pressing comb through the hair twice on each side to remove curl is a
hard press
Variations in hair texture are defined by the
diameter and feel of the hair
Pressing wiry or curly hair requires more heat and pressure due to the
a compact construction of the cuticle cells
A tight scalp can be made more flexible with hair brushing and the systematic use of
scalp massage
The temperature of pressing combs should be tested
on a piece of light paper
To prevent the smoking or burning off of hair during the pressing treatment, avoid
excessive pressing oil
When executing an up do, always inspect the shape you are building from every angle to determine
balance and proportion
A styling product available in a variety of strengths applied in the form of a mist to hold a style in position is
hair spray
A method of curling hair by winding a strand around a rod is a(n)
spiral curl
In some African tribes, different styles of braiding signified a person’s
social status within the community
Styling performed without chemicals or dyes and when the natural curl or coil pattern of hair is not altered is
natural hairstyling
To avoid misunderstandings in performing natural styling services, it is necessary to perform a(n)
quality client consultation
When performing a consultation for natural hairstyling services, the focus should be on
hair texture
In natural hairstyling services, texture refers to the diameter and feel of hair plus the
wave pattern
In textured hair, a coil configuration is defined as having a
tight curl pattern
To create length and soften facial lines with a square face, the hair should be styled with
a full style that frames the face
Styles with partial bangs or braids that frame the face and minimize a wide forehead should be used for facial shapes that are
an inverted triangle
Hair with no previous coloring or lightening treatments, chemicals, or physical abuse is considered
natural or virgin
The brush recommended for scalp stimulation and removal of dirt and lint from locks is
boar-bristle brush
The bristles of a square paddle brush that are pneumatic will collapse when they encounter too much
resistance
The most important feature of a wide-toothed comb is the
distance between the teeth of the comb
A diffuser dries hair without disturbing the finished look or
dehydrating hair
A manufactured synthetic fiber that does not reflect light and is similar in texture to extremely curly or coiled hair is
kanekalon
When curly hair is braided wet, it shrinks and recoils and may cause excess
pulling and tension
To make straight or resistant hair more pliable when braiding, apply a
light coat of wax or pomade
When blow-during textured hair, the hair becomes soft and the wave pattern becomes
elongated
The there-strand underhand braid technique where strands are woven under the center strand is a
visible braid
The three-strand braid produced by overlapping the strands on top of each other is the
inverted braid
The two-strand braid where the hair strands are twisted around each other is the
rope braid
In the fishtail braid, hair is picked up from the sides and added to the strands
as they are crossed over each other
Parting for braids can be square, triangular, or rectangular and determine
where the braid is placed and how it moves
Extensions for single braids are integrated into natural hair using the
three-strand overhand technique
Narrow, visible braids that lie close to the scalp created with a three-strand on-the-scalp braid technique are
cornrows
Extensions added to cornrows or individual braids with the feed-in method build the braid up
strand by strand
Natural textured hair intertwined and meshed together forming a single or separate network of hair is called
dreadlocks
Three basic methods of hair locking are the comb technique, braids or extensions, and
palm rolling
The gentle palm rolling method of locking hair takes advantage of the hair’s natural
ability to coil
The traditional cornrow is flat, natural, and
contoured to the scalp
Synthetic hair fiber, human hair fiber, or yarn can be added to a single braid to form a
lock
The wig service costs and maintenance should be discussed during the
client consultation
The artificial covering that covers 100 percent of the client’s natural hair is a
wig
A small hair addition used to cover the to or crown of the head is a(n)
hairpiece
The fastest way to determine whether a strand of hair is synthetic is to
burn it with a match
With exposure, the color of human hair wigs may
oxidize
Synthetic wigs that are particularly durable are made out of
modacrylic
