part 4 Flashcards
1
Q
What causes a hiatal hernia?
A
-an increase in intraabdominal pressure: obesity pregnancy ascites tumors intense physical exertion heavy lifting continuously
2
Q
What can the manifestation of a hiatal hernia be similar to?
A
manifestations of GERD
3
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of hiatal hernia?
A
- can be asymptomatic
- heartburn
- dysphagia
4
Q
What are the complications that may occur with hiatal hernia?
A
GERD esophagitis hemorrhage from erosion stenosis ulcerations, strangulations of the hernia regurgitation with tracheal aspiration
5
Q
What are the lifestyle modifications for hiatal hernia?
A
same as GERD No alcohol, smoking elevate HOB avoid lifting heavy lose weight use anti secretory and antacids
6
Q
What are the surgeries associated with hiatal hernia?
A
- Nissen and Toupet (like GERD) these are laparoscopic
- herniotomy: excision of hernia sac
- herniorrhaphy: closure of hiatal defect
- gastropexy: attaching the stomach to the body wall to prevent herniation (antireflux procedure)
7
Q
What is a common cause of appendicitis?
A
facilith (poo)
this causes distention, venous engorgement, mucus, bacteria which leads to
gangrene, perforation, peritonitis
8
Q
What are the clinical manifestations of appendicitis?
A
- pain at periumbilicus
- anorexia, N/V
- pain RLQ (McBurney’s point)
- guarding, laying still
- may have low grade fever
9
Q
What are the diagnostics for appendicitis?
A
- CBC
- WBC
- CT or ultrasound
10
Q
What is the treatment for appendicitis?
A
- surgical removal
- may need to wash out abdomen
- post op antibiotic
- if rupture this is emergency (pain will suddenly stop)
