part 1

Question 1

What is an upper GI series?

Answer 1

visualization of the oropharyngeal area, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine via fluoroscopy and X-ray examination.

Question 2

What is a lower GI series?

Answer 2

barium enema, used to detect polyps, tumors, and other lesions in the filled colon

Question 3

• less invasive than conventional
• no sedation needed
• colon still needs to be cleansed

Answer 3

virtual colonoscopy

Question 4

Endoscopy is direct visualization of GI structures through a scope. What are the 2 types?

Answer 4

• ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (goes to pancreatic duct in duodenum)
• EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy (esophagus, stomach, to duodenum)

Question 5

• noninvasive
• gets images of entire digestive tract
• looks for bleeding in small intestine
• can detect polyps, IBD (Crohn disease), ulcers, tumors

Answer 5

capsule endoscopy

Question 6

What is the difference between a colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy?

Answer 6

• colonoscopy: direct visualization of the rectum, colon, and small bowel
• sigmoidoscopy: direct visualization of the rectum and sigmoid colon

Question 7

What are the nursing responsibilities pre and post diagnostic studies?

Answer 7

• informed consent
• explain pre and post prep
• post: observe, monitor, assess, keep NPO until gag reflex return

Question 8

What is the most common upper GI problem seen in adults?

Answer 8

GERD

-not a disease but a syndrome

Question 9

Why does GERD result?

Answer 9

-if defenses of LES are overwhelmed by reflux of acidic gastric contents into lower esophagus

Question 10

What causes the irritation and inflammation from GERD?

Answer 10

• HCL
• pepsin
• intestinal enzymes
• bile salts

Question 11

What are the predisposing factors of GERD?

Answer 11

• Incompetent LES
• decreased LES pressure (certain food or drugs)
• increased intraabdominal pressure
• hiatal hernia