part 2

Question 1

What are the symptoms of GERD?

Answer 1

• heartburn (pyrosis)
• burning
• tight sensation lower sternum to jaw
• felt intermittently
• respiratory and otolaryngologic symptoms

Question 2

What are the diagnostic studies for GERD?

Answer 2

• BASED ON SYMPTOMS:
• upper GI endoscopy with biopsy and cytology
• esophagram (barium swallow)
• motility
• pH monitoring
• radionuclide studies

Question 3

How might a pt describe GERD?

Answer 3

Regurgitation:

hot, bitter, or sour liquid coming up into throat

Question 4

What are the symptoms of GERD related to chest pain?

Answer 4

• burning, squeezing
• radiating to back, neck, jaw, and arms
• can mimic angina
• more common in older adults
• relieved with antacids

Question 5

What are the respiratory and otolaryngologic symptoms of GERD?

Answer 5

resp: 
wheezing
coughing 
dyspnea
nocturnal discomfort and coughing with loss of sleep 
otolaryngologic: 
hoarseness 
sore throat
globus sensation
hyper salivation 
choking

Question 6

How can you tell the difference between GERD and angina?

Answer 6

-GERD is relieved with antacids

Question 7

This is related to direct local effects of gastric acid on esophageal mucosa.

Answer 7

GERD complications leading to esophagitis

Question 8

• inflammation of esophagus
• frequent complication related to GERD
• scar formation, esophageal stricture, dysphagia

Answer 8

esophagitis

Question 9

What are 3 issues related to GERD?

Answer 9

• esophagitis
• Barrett’s esophagus
• respiratory issues

Question 10

• esophageal metaplasia: abnormal change in tissue (flat to columnar)
• precancerous
• primarily due to GERD

Answer 10

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 11

What are the S&S of Barrett’s esophagus?

Answer 11

• none to perforation

- must be monitored every 2-3 years by endoscopy (cancer risk)