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Compsly D > Part 4 > Flashcards

Part 4 Flashcards

0
Q

What is a rule?

A

verbal description of a behavioral contingency

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1
Q

What are important features of reinforcement?

A

immediacy, conditions in effect when behavior was emitted, current motivational strength for reinforcer

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2
Q

What is the 3-term contingency?

A

SD - response - consequence

discriminated operant

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3
Q

What are MOs?

A

environmental variables that alter the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus and the momentary frequency of all behaviors that have been reinforced by that stimulus/object/event in the past

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4
Q

What is the 4-term contingency?

A

EO - SD - response - consequence

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5
Q

What is the automacity of reinforcement?

A

reinforcement can occur without awareness (arbitrary nature of selection by reinforcement)

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6
Q

What is automatic reinforcement?

A

behavior-reinforcement relation without the delivery of the consequence by another person

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7
Q

What is verbal analog conditioning?

A

no physical pairing of US with NS

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8
Q

What are generalized conditioned reinforcers?

A

those that are effective across a wide EO range

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9
Q

What are some types of reinforcers?

A

edible, sensory, tangible, activity, social

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10
Q

What is the Premack principle?

A

high-frequency behaviors can be used as reinforcers to increase occurrence of low-frequency behaviors

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11
Q

What is the response-deprivation hypothesis?

A

predicting behavior effectiveness as reinforcement (related to Premack principle)

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12
Q

What are methods of conducting stimulus preference assessments?

A

ask, free-operant observation, trial-based methods (multiple options in each category)

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13
Q

What is a reinforcer assessment?

A

measure effect on response rate of different stimuli with a concurrent schedule, multiple schedule, or progressive ratio schedule

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14
Q

What are control procedures for positive reinforcement?

A

NCR, DRO, DRA

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15
Q

How should reinforcement be used effectively?

A

Set an easily achieved initial criterion for reinforcement; use high-quality reinforcers of sufficient magnitude; use varied reinforcers to maintain potency of EOs; use direct rather than indirect reinforcement contingencies when possible; combine response prompts and reinforcement; CRF schedule at first; use contingent attention and descriptive praise; gradually increase the response-to-reinforcement delay; gradually shift from contrived to naturally-occurring reinforcers

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16
Q

What does a full negative reinforcement description require?

A

4-term contingency

17
Q

What is discriminated avoidance?

A

responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer

18
Q

What is free-operant avoidance?

A

avoidance behavior is free to occur at any time (no SD) and will delay aversive stimulation

19
Q

What are the two types of negative reinforcement?

A

social and automatic

20
Q

What influences the effectiveness of negative reinforcement?

A

strength of contingency and presence of competing contingencies

21
Q

What are some applications of negative reinforcement?

A

chronic food refusal, error-correction strategies

22
Q

What are FR schedule effects?

A

regular, high-rate responding, then post-reinforcement pause (length depends on ratio size)

23
Q

What are VR schedule effects?

A

consistent, steady, high-rate responding without post-reinforcement pause

24
Q

What are FI schedule effects?

A

post-reinforcement pause then accelerating at low-to-moderate rate; results in FI scallop

25
Q

What are VI schedule effects?

A

constant, stable, low-to-moderate response rate

26
Q

What is a limited hold?

A

reinforcer is only available for a finite time after VI or FI interval elapses

27
Q

What is ratio strain?

A

abrupt ratio changes that cause unwanted/paused responding

28
Q

What are some differential reinforcement schedules?

A

DRH, DRL, DRD, DRA, DRO, DRI

29
Q

What is a progressive schedule of reinforcement?

A

each successive reinforcement opportunity is systematically thinned independent of participant’s behavior (PR or PR)

30
Q

What is a compound schedule of reinforcement?

A

combinations of CRF, FR, VR, FI, VI, DRH, DRL, and EXT schedules

31
Q

What is a multiple schedule of reinforcement?

A

2+ basic schedules in random, alternating sequence (SD correlated with each basic schedule)

32
Q

What is a chained schedule?

A

2+ basic schedules that occur successively and have an SD correlated with each; schedules in chain always occur in a specific order; behaviors may be same or different for different elements of that chain; conditioned reinforcement for response in first element in chain is presentation of second element and so forth until all are complete and reinforcement is delivered

33
Q

What is a mixed schedule?

A

2+ basic schedules in random, alternating sequence with no SD for each schedule

34
Q

What is a tandem schedule?

A

2+ basic schedules that occur successively (as in chained schedule) without an SD correlated with each schedule

35
Q

What are two discriminative schedules of reinforcement?

A

multiple and chained schedules

36
Q

What are two nondiscriminative schedules of reinforcement?

A

mixed and tandem schedules

37
Q

Which schedules combine number of responses and time?

A

alternative and conjunctive schedules

38
Q

What is an alternative schedule?

A

reinforcement is delivered whenever requirement of either a ratio or interval schedule is met, no matter which first

39
Q

What is a conjunctive schedule?

A

reinforcement follows completion of response requirements for both a ratio and interval schedule of reinforcement

40
Q

What are adjunctive behaviors?

A

time-filling behaviors (doodling, smoking, etc.) or schedule-induced behaviors, the frequency of which increases as a side effect of other behaviors maintained by a schedule of reinforcemnent

Compsly D (13 decks)

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